{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:07:57Z","timestamp":1788206877921,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"828","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009750","name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI131344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI131344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009750","name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL066988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL066988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009750","name":"University of Rochester Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ES007026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES007026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The role of antibodies in protection against food allergy is debated. Here, we designed a longitudinal birth cohort study recruiting participants from an Old Order Mennonite (OOM) community, a traditional farm lifestyle considered to be at low risk for allergic diseases, and participants from urban and suburban Rochester, NY, USA, that were at higher risk for developing allergic diseases. We collected cord and peripheral blood, stool, saliva, and maternal milk samples longitudinally during pregnancy and during the first year of the infant\u2019s life to evaluate B cell and antibody responses. Farm exposure led to an accrual of memory and immunoglobulin G\u2013positive (IgG\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) B cells, higher titers of plasma IgG and IgA and salivary and fecal IgA in infants, and higher IgA titers in maternal milk. Moreover, OOM infants and their mothers had higher titers of plasma IgG\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and IgA antibodies to egg ovalbumin in maternal milk, respectively, a feature that we found to be associated with lower incidence of egg allergy. Infant systemic IgG\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and IgA were associated with early introduction or more frequent ingestion of lightly cooked egg, respectively, but there was also an effect independent of egg exposure. Several food antigens were detected in cord blood, with in utero exposure potentially explaining the unexpected presence of antigen-specific IgA at birth. These analyses suggest earlier maturation of B cell immunity in farming lifestyle communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads1892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T18:58:18Z","timestamp":1765393098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Farm exposure in infancy is associated with elevated systemic IgG\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    , mucosal IgA responses, and lower incidence of food allergy"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-688X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ponko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-541X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-1632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6537-5213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mustafa M.","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9342-9280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolina","family":"Valderrama-Hincapi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3571-9824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nichole S.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1499-5522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren","family":"Vanasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. John","family":"Looney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4479-4183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juilee","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-5268","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antti E.","family":"Seppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-6712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirsi M.","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children\u2019s Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2020.1819793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02628.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01470.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00907.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03176.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq0599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.916184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00041-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00119.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04206.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1095-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00625-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01673.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.7.3427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.7.3555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04168-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-003-0149-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10557.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0480-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-1997-8302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.132.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.117178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01848.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200009000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02346.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01862.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.837863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5344-7_93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0938-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00501-17"}],"container-title":["Science Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads1892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T18:58:39Z","timestamp":1765393119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads1892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"828","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads1892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads1892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-6234","1946-6242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1946-6234","type":"print"},{"value":"1946-6242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eads1892"}}