{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:03:24Z","timestamp":1792821804270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"815","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Endotracheal intubation is a critical medical procedure for protecting a patient\u2019s airway. Current intubation technology requires extensive anatomical knowledge, training, technical skill, and a clear view of the glottic opening. However, all of these may be limited during emergency care for trauma and cardiac arrest outside the hospital, where first-pass failure is nearly 35%. To address this challenge, we designed a soft robotic device to autonomously guide a breathing tube into the trachea with the goal of allowing rapid, repeatable, and safe intubation without the need for extensive training, skill, anatomical knowledge, or a glottic view. During initial device testing with highly trained users in a mannequin and a cadaver, we found a 100% success rate and an average intubation duration of under 8 s. We then conducted a preliminary study comparing the device with video laryngoscopy, in which prehospital medical providers with 5 min of device training intubated cadavers. When using the device, users achieved an 87% first-pass success rate and a 96% overall success rate, requiring an average of 1.1 attempts and 21 s for successful intubation, significantly (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.008) faster than with video laryngoscopy. When using video laryngoscopy, the users achieved a 63% first-pass success rate and a 92% overall success rate, requiring an average of 1.6 attempts and 44 s for successful intubation. This preliminary study offers directions for future clinical studies, the next step in testing a device that could address the critical needs of emergency airway management and help democratize intubation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads7681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T17:58:14Z","timestamp":1757527094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A soft robotic device for rapid and self-guided intubation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-6865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David A.","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA."},{"name":"Vine Medical Inc., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8408-6153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James R.","family":"Cazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vine Medical Inc., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6190-958X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marvin A.","family":"Wayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whatcom County Emergency Medical Services, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Winckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-9989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David A.","family":"Wampler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-5115","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Worth Office of the Medical Director, Fort Worth, TX 76116, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichy","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5690-0466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linus","family":"Rydell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose P.","family":"Zevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6633-3295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David R.","family":"Drover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-5025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elliot W.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.8.27467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"645","article-title":"Perceived versus actual time of prehospital intubation by paramedics","volume":"25","author":"Shou D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. 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