{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:19:10Z","timestamp":1793416750681,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"844","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030998","name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030998","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, yet conventional topical therapies are often hampered by poor patient adherence, and standard in-office applanation tonometry captures only static measurements, failing to capture the dynamic nature of intraocular pressure (IOP). Smart contact lenses have emerged as promising tools for home-based, real-time IOP monitoring and feedback-guided therapy; however, most rely on bulky or rigid electronics that impair comfort, safety, and visual performance. Here, we report a battery-free, all-polymer microfluidic theranostic smart contact lens (AP-TSCL) that enables autonomous IOP-responsive glaucoma therapy without bulky electronic components. The AP-TSCL integrates a noninvasive microfluidic IOP sensor with a multistage, pressure-gated drug delivery architecture. Embedded microchannels define distinct activation thresholds, enabling lens deformation under elevated IOP to drive staged release from multiple drug reservoirs. Across in vitro (artificial eye model), ex vivo (enucleated bovine eyes), and in vivo (rabbit ocular hypertension) studies, the device achieved tonometry-aligned IOP tracking, pressure-triggered delivery of timolol or brimonidine above preset thresholds, and IOP lowering comparable to conventional topical therapy. This preclinical evidence suggests that the fully integrated platform may overcome key limitations of existing technologies and offers a clinically translatable solution for personalized ocular care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads9541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:59:41Z","timestamp":1775671181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Real-time intraocular pressure monitoring and responsive drug release in preclinical models by an all-polymer smart contact lens"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-0086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuting","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7982-3274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengrui","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5037-3093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4760-5664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh","family":"Haghniaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiechen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safoora","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367, USA."},{"name":"Flexible Electronics and Energy Lab (FEEL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5134-9240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengtang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0146-1557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peyman","family":"Servati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flexible Electronics and Energy Lab (FEEL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9965-8990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-8927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James S.","family":"Wolffsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, 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