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Here, we identified convergent antibodies arising from different antibody gene rearrangements that bind to the immunodominant peanut allergen Ara h 2 and characterized allelic and junctional constraints on germline antibody specificity. Structurally, we found similar epitope-paratope interactions across multiple gene rearrangements. We demonstrate that these germline-encoded epitope-specific convergent antibodies to peanut occur commonly in the population because of the worldwide prevalence of the relevant gene rearrangements, allelic independence, and junctional malleability. As a result, serum IgG to this public epitope is prevalent among diverse cohorts of nonallergic peanut-consuming infants and peanut-allergic children and adults. This work demonstrates that IgG recognition of dietary antigens can be intrinsically programmed by the germline antibody repertoire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adw4148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:00:52Z","timestamp":1749664852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Germline-encoded recognition of peanut underlies development of convergent antibodies in humans"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0788-3406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orlee","family":"Marini-Rapoport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02124, USA."},{"name":"Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02124, 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