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Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The nasopharynx constitutes a critical niche in the upper respiratory tract, harboring a diverse microbiota linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the mechanistic roles of which remain poorly understood. Here, we established the Nasopharyngeal Mucosal and Tumor-resident Bacterial Catalog (NMTBC) that comprises 5311 bacterial isolates representing 127 species, with 1006 of them being fully sequenced and annotated, providing a comprehensive culturable resource facilitating mechanistic dissection of the microbiome-tumor interactions. With NMTBC, we uncovered a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutualism and revealed heterotypic bacterium-bacterium interactions involving transcriptional reprogramming and metabolic cross-talk. Using single-bacterial transcriptomics, we mapped a high-resolution transcriptomic trajectory, showing the ability of a single strain to differentiate into functionally distinct subpopulations that cooperate to sustain mutualism. By analyzing a multicenter NPC cohort, we showed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    co-colonization in NPC tumors correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes after conventional radiochemotherapy. Analysis of RNA-seq data from two previous phase 3 clinical trials showed that coenrichment of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    predicted better response to anti\u2013PD-1 immunotherapy, highlighting their important role in microbiota-mediated immunomodulation. Overall, this study establishes a comprehensive nasopharyngeal bacterial catalog through culturomics, which offers valuable insights into microbiome-derived biomarker discovery and immunotherapy patient stratification in clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aec4847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:59:07Z","timestamp":1784138347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culturomics reveals\n                    <i>Fusobacterium<\/i>\n                    -\n                    <i>Prevotella<\/i>\n                    mutualism as a hallmark of nasopharyngeal tumor microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3140-1720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying-Qi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6106-8649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia-Hao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. 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