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NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase is one of the major sources of ROS in vasculature; it consists of a catalytic subunit (Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, Nox4, or Nox5), p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, and the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac1. Targeting of NADPH oxidase to focal complexes in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles through the interaction of p47phox with the scaffold proteins TRAF4 and WAVE1 provides a mechanism for achieving localized ROS production, which is required for directed cell migration. ROS are believed to inactivate protein tyrosine phosphatases, which concentrate in specific subcellular compartments, thereby establishing a positive feedback system that activates redox signaling pathways to promote cell movement. Additionally, ROS production may be localized through interactions of NADPH oxidase with signaling platforms associated with lipid rafts and caveolae, as well as with endosomes. There is also evidence that NADPH oxidase is found in the nucleus, indicating its involvement in redox-responsive gene expression. This review focuses on targeting of NADPH oxidase to discrete subcellular compartments as a mechanism of localizing ROS and activation of downstream redox signaling events that mediate various cell functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3492006re8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,24]],"date-time":"2006-09-24T00:12:36Z","timestamp":1159056756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Localizing NADPH Oxidase\u2013Derived ROS"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"2006","author":[{"given":"Masuko","family":"Ushio-Fukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000044378.09409.b5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.5.494"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.5.1464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00449-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0230456"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00583-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.7.1427"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5490.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00703"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02305-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107711200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000046227.65158.F8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000158286.51045.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.10.4384-4394.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.5.549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000187472.55437.af"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302251200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200507004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2000.52.pe1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(03)00174-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01165-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407396101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R300010200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00755-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0331507"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01745"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.10118"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.embor867"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02379"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01485"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04198"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00046.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2516rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"320","volume":"24","year":"2003","unstructured":"S. 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