{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:39:44Z","timestamp":1779986384993,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5858","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With their impressive individual properties, carbon nanotubes should form high-performance fibers. We explored the roles of nanotube length and structure, fiber density, and nanotube orientation in achieving optimum mechanical properties. We found that carbon nanotube fiber, spun directly and continuously from gas phase as an aerogel, combines high strength and high stiffness (axial elastic modulus), with an energy to breakage (toughness) considerably greater than that of any commercial high-strength fiber. Different levels of carbon nanotube orientation, fiber density, and mechanical properties can be achieved by drawing the aerogel at various winding rates. The mechanical data obtained demonstrate the considerable potential of carbon nanotube assemblies in the quest for maximal mechanical performance. The statistical aspects of the mechanical data reveal the deleterious effect of defects and indicate strategies for future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T01:54:53Z","timestamp":1195178093000},"page":"1892-1895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":979,"title":["High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Fiber"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"318","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Koziol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Vilatela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Moisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Cunniff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Windle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK."},{"name":"U.S. Army, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.5552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381678a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(01)01807-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600945103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.65.235430"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2003.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101398"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/419801a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104276"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094982"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"See supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200600368"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200601344"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200700516"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5495.1331"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"We express stress as GPa divided by SG a unit known as specific stress in materials science that is exactly numerically equivalent to newtons per tex."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. M. Ward Ed. Structure and Properties of Oriented Polymers (Halsted\/Wiley New York 1975).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-9803-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl034071i"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00363369"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"133","year":"2000","unstructured":"I. M. Ward, in Solid Phase Processing of Polymers, I. M. Ward, P. D. Coates, M. M. Dumoulin, Eds. (Hanser Gardner, Munich, 2000), p. 133.","journal-title":"Solid Phase Processing of Polymers"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018600119250"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","unstructured":"R. D. Maurer Ed. Strength of Inorganic Glass (Plenum New York 1985)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/13\/6\/005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00657441"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"W. A. Adams personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"Supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (Mexico) the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK) and the U.S. Army International Technology Center\u2013Atlantic. We thank S. Fraser for valuable comments and M. Pick for his considerable technical contribution to this research."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1147635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T08:28:19Z","timestamp":1704875299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1147635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5858","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1147635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1147635","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]]}}}