{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1775051072254,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5016","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The most frequently occurring RNA hairpins in 16\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            and 23\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            ribosomal RNA contain a tetranucleotide loop that has a GNRA consensus sequence. The solution structures of the GCAA and GAAA hairpins have been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both loops contain an unusual G-A base pair between the first and last residue in the loop, a hydrogen bond between a G base and a phosphate, extensive base stacking, and a hydrogen bond between a sugar 2\u2032-end OH and a base. These interactions explain the high stability of these hairpins and the sequence requirements for the variant and invariant nucleotides in the GNRA tetranucleotide loop family.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1712983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T22:10:16Z","timestamp":1160086216000},"page":"191-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":453,"title":["Structural Features that Give Rise to the Unusual Stability of RNA Hairpins Containing GNRA Loops"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Hans A.","family":"Heus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Pardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(90)90150-Z","volume":"1050","year":"1990","unstructured":"ADHIN, M.R., SECONDARY STRUCTURE AT THE 3' TERMINAL REGION OF RNA COLIPHAGES - COMPARISON WITH TRANSFER-RNA, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1050: 110 (1990).","journal-title":"BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/recl.19821011201","volume":"101","year":"1982","unstructured":"ALTONA, C, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF NUCLEIC-ACIDS - DETERMINATION OF BACKBONE GEOMETRY OF SINGLE-HELICAL RNA AND DNA IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION, RECUEIL DES TRAVAUX CHIMIQUES DES PAYS-BAS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL NETHERLANDS CHEMICAL SOCIETY 101: 413 (1982).","journal-title":"RECUEIL DES TRAVAUX CHIMIQUES DES PAYS-BAS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL NETHERLANDS CHEMICAL SOCIETY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/346680a0","volume":"346","year":"1990","unstructured":"CHEONG, C.J., SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN UNUSUALLY STABLE RNA HAIRPIN, 5'GGAC(UUCG)GUCC, NATURE 346: 680 (1990).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68418-2","volume":"263","year":"1988","unstructured":"ENDO, Y, THE CYTOTOXINS ALPHA-SARCIN AND RICIN RETAIN THEIR SPECIFICITY WHEN TESTED ON A SYNTHETIC OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDE (35-MER) THAT MIMICS A REGION OF 28-S RIBOSOMAL RIBONUCLEIC-ACID, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 263: 7917 (1988).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60348-7","volume":"32","year":"1985","unstructured":"GUTELL, R.R., COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF 16-S-LIKE RIBOSOMAL-RNA, PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 32: 155 (1985).","journal-title":"PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"HANEY J COMMUNICATION."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)90615-D","volume":"217","year":"1991","unstructured":"HEUS, H.A., NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME DOMAIN - SECONDARY STRUCTURE FORMATION AND MAGNESIUM-ION DEPENDENCE, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 217: 113 (1991).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"HEUS H.A. unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"17","volume":"54","year":"1987","unstructured":"JAQUIR, A, CELL 54: 17 (1987).","journal-title":"CELL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.1984.10507527","volume":"1","year":"1984","unstructured":"LANKHORST, P.P., NUCLEIC-ACID CONSTITUENTS .36. 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