{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:36:35Z","timestamp":1775032595664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"4643","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The gene for interleukin-2 was isolated from the Jurkat cell line and from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and, when inserted in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , was expressed at high concentrations. This interleukin-2 was purified to apparent homogeneity and tested for biological activity in a variety of assays in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant lymphokine supports the growth of murine and human interleukin-2 dependent cell lines, enhances the generation of murine and human cytolytic cells in vitro, and generates lymphokine activated killer cells from murine and human lymphocytes. It has a serum half-life of 2 to 3 minutes in the mouse and significantly enhances the generation of cytolytic cells in vivo after alloimmunization. No functional differences between native and the recombinant interleukin-2 molecules have been detected.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6367046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T19:41:59Z","timestamp":1160077319000},"page":"1412-1415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":393,"title":["Biological Activity of Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Produced in\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20205"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20205"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McGrogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608"}]},{"given":"Kirston","family":"Koths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"1408","volume":"69","year":"1972","unstructured":"AVIV, H, PURIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE GLOBIN MESSENGER-RNA BY CHROMATOGRAPHY ON OLIGOTHYMIDYLIC-ACID-CELLULOSE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 69: 1408 (1972).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00590a018","volume":"18","year":"1979","unstructured":"BERGER, S.L., INHIBITION OF INTRACTABLE NUCLEASES WITH RIBONUCLEOSIDE-VANADYL COMPLEXES - ISOLATION OF MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACID FROM RESTING LYMPHOCYTES, BIOCHEMISTRY 18: 5143 (1979).","journal-title":"BIOCHEMISTRY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.4.968","volume":"155","year":"1982","unstructured":"CHEEVER, M.A., AUGMENTATION OF THE ANTI-TUMOR THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF LONG-TERM CULTURED LYMPHOCYTES-T BY INVIVO ADMINISTRATION OF PURIFIED INTERLEUKIN-2, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 155: 968 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4173","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.16.4173","volume":"9","year":"1981","unstructured":"DENG, G, AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR UTILIZING TERMINAL TRANSFERASE TO ADD HOMOPOLYMERS TO THE 3' TERMINI OF DNA, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 9: 4173 (1981).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.13.4307","volume":"11","year":"1983","unstructured":"DEVOS, R, MOLECULAR-CLONING OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 CARRIER DNA AND ITS EXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 11: 4307 (1983).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2203","volume":"130","year":"1983","unstructured":"DONOHUE, J.H., THE FATE OF INTERLEUKIN-2 AFTER INVIVO ADMINISTRATION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 130: 2203 (1983).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.149.6.1460","volume":"149","year":"1979","unstructured":"GILLIS, S, INVITRO GENERATION AND SUSTAINED CULTURE OF NUDE-MOUSE CYTOLYTIC LYMPHOCYTE-T, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 149: 1460 (1979).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.6.1709","volume":"152","year":"1980","unstructured":"GILLIS, S, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPHOCYTE REGULATORY MOLECULES .5. IDENTIFICATION OF AN INTERLEUKIN 2-PRODUCING HUMAN-LEUKEMIA T-CELL LINE, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 152: 1709 (1980).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"168","volume":"120","year":"1978","unstructured":"GILLIS, S, J IMMUNOL 120: 168 (1978).","journal-title":"J IMMUNOL"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"4052","volume":"8","year":"1980","unstructured":"GOEDDEL, D.V., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES 8: 4052 (1980).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(82)90326-4","volume":"70","year":"1982","unstructured":"GRIMM, E.A., INVITRO GROWTH OF CYTO-TOXIC HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES .5. GENERATION OF ALLOSPECIFIC CYTO-TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES TO NON-IMMUNOGENIC ANTIGEN BY SUPPLEMENTATION OF INVITRO SENSITIZATION WITH PARTIALLY PURIFIED T-CELL GROWTH-FACTOR, CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 70: 248 (1982).","journal-title":"CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"57","year":"1982","unstructured":"GRIMM, E.A., ISOLATION CHARACTERI: 57 (1982).","journal-title":"ISOLATION CHARACTERI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.6.1823","volume":"155","year":"1982","unstructured":"GRIMM, E.A., LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER CELL PHENOMENON - LYSIS OF NATURAL KILLER-RESISTANT FRESH SOLID TUMOR-CELLS BY INTERLEUKIN 2-ACTIVATED AUTOLOGOUS HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 155: 1823 (1982).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"3961","volume":"72","year":"1975","unstructured":"GRUNSTEIN, M, COLONY HYBRIDIZATION - METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF CLONED DNAS THAT CONTAIN A SPECIFIC GENE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 72: 3961 (1975).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/233177a0","volume":"233","year":"1971","unstructured":"GURDON, J.B., USE OF FROG EGGS AND OOCYTES FOR STUDY OF MESSENGER RNA AND ITS TRANSLATION IN LIVING CELLS, NATURE 233: 177 (1971).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.1.222","volume":"130","year":"1983","unstructured":"HEFENEIDER, S.H., INVIVO INTERLEUKIN-2 ADMINISTRATION AUGMENTS THE GENERATION OF ALLOREACTIVE CYTOLYTIC LYMPHOCYTES-T AND RESIDENT NATURAL-KILLER CELLS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 130: 222 (1983).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198311000-00011","volume":"36","year":"1983","unstructured":"KIM, B, CLONAL ANALYSIS OF THE LYMPHOID-CELLS MEDIATING SKIN ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION - MEDIATION OF GRAFT-REJECTION INVIVO BY CLONED LYT-1+2- PROLIFERATIVE, NONCYTOTOXIC LONG-TERM CELL-LINES, TRANSPLANTATION 36: 525 (1983).","journal-title":"TRANSPLANTATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"MARK D.F. unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.2.495","volume":"159","year":"1984","unstructured":"MAZUMDER, A, SUCCESSFUL IMMUNOTHERAPY OF NATURAL KILLER-RESISTANT ESTABLISHED PULMONARY MELANOMA METASTASES BY THE INTRAVENOUS ADOPTIVE TRANSFER OF SYNGENEIC LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED INVITRO BY INTERLEUKIN-2, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 159: 495 (1984).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830121117","volume":"12","year":"1982","unstructured":"MUHLRADT, P.F., CLEARANCE OF INTERLEUKIN-2 FROM THE BLOOD OF NORMAL AND T-CELL-DEPLETED MICE, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 12: 983 (1982).","journal-title":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"7717","volume":"78","year":"1981","unstructured":"OKADA, M, ESTABLISHMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN T-HYBRID CELLS SECRETING IMMUNOREGULATORY MOLECULES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 78: 7717 (1981).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"276","volume":"13","year":"1980","unstructured":"PETKAU, V, J SUPRAMOL STRUCT 13: 276 (1980).","journal-title":"J SUPRAMOL STRUCT"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.5.1852","volume":"127","year":"1981","unstructured":"RABIN, H, SPONTANEOUS RELEASE OF A FACTOR WITH PROPERTIES OF T-CELL GROWTH-FACTOR FROM A CONTINUOUS LINE OF PRIMATE TUMOR T-CELLS, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 127: 1852 (1981).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.121.5.1946","volume":"121","year":"1978","unstructured":"ROSENBERG, S.A., INVITRO GROWTH OF MURINE T-CELLS .1. PRODUCTION OF FACTORS NECESSARY FOR T-CELL GROWTH, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 121: 1946 (1978).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"213","volume":"7","year":"1982","unstructured":"ROSENBERG, S.A., LYMPHOKINES 7: 213 (1982).","journal-title":"LYMPHOKINES"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198306000-00024","volume":"35","year":"1983","unstructured":"ROSENBERG, S.A., INVIVO ADMINISTRATION OF INTERLEUKIN-2 ENHANCES SPECIFIC ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSES, TRANSPLANTATION 35: 631 (1983).","journal-title":"TRANSPLANTATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/2.12.2365","volume":"2","year":"1975","unstructured":"ROUGEON, F, INSERTION OF A RABBIT BETA-GLOBIN GENE SEQUENCE INTO AN ESCHERICHIA-COLI PLASMID, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2: 2365 (1975).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V57.3.379.379","volume":"57","year":"1981","unstructured":"RUSCETTI, F.W., HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE-T GROWTH-FACTOR - REGULATION OF GROWTH AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES-T, BLOOD 57: 379 (1981).","journal-title":"BLOOD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/302305a0","volume":"302","year":"1983","unstructured":"TANIGUCHI, T, STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF A CLONED CDNA FOR HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2, NATURE 302: 305 (1983).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/284278a0","volume":"284","year":"1980","unstructured":"WAGNER, H, T-CELL-DERIVED HELPER FACTOR ALLOWS INVIVO INDUCTION OF CYTO-TOXIC T-CELLS IN NU-NU MICE, NATURE 284: 278 (1980).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1980.tb00324.x","volume":"51","year":"1980","unstructured":"WATSON, J, IMMUNOL REV 51: 257 (1980).","journal-title":"IMMUNOL REV"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.22.6153","volume":"9","year":"1981","unstructured":"WECK, P.K., ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF HYBRIDS OF 2 MAJOR HUMAN-LEUKOCYTE INTERFERONS, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 9: 6153 (1981).","journal-title":"NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.6367046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1705269704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.6367046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4643","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.6367046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.6367046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,30]]}}}