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This motif conveys a delayed second phase of excitation to striatal spiny projection neurons, through an acetylcholine-dependent glutamate release mechanism mediated by \u03b14-containing nicotinic receptors, resulting in biphasic corticostriatal signals. These biphasic signals are a hallmark of PT, but not IT, corticostriatal inputs, due to a stronger relative input from PT neurons to ChIs. These results describe a previously unidentified circuit mechanism by which PT activity amplifies excitatory inputs to the striatum, with potential implications for behavior, plasticity, and learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh4315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T14:00:27Z","timestamp":1654610427000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pyramidal tract neurons drive amplification of excitatory inputs to striatum through cholinergic interneurons"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4733-3286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s A.","family":"Morgenstern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1296-0442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Filipa","family":"Isidro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-6359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inbal","family":"Israely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Neuroscience, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0495-8374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal."},{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8091209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3177-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-072116-031033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"The structure of the caudate nucleus of the cat: Light and electron microscopy","volume":"262","author":"Kemp J. 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