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To determine whether lncRNAs are also involved in parasite differentiation, we used RNA sequencing to survey the\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    genome, identifying 1428 previously uncharacterized lncRNA genes. We find that\n                    <jats:italic>grumpy<\/jats:italic>\n                    lncRNA is a key regulator that promotes parasite differentiation into the quiescent stumpy form. This function is promoted by a small nucleolar RNA encoded within the\n                    <jats:italic>grumpy<\/jats:italic>\n                    lncRNA.\n                    <jats:italic>snoGRUMPY<\/jats:italic>\n                    binds to messenger RNAs of at least two stumpy regulatory genes, promoting their expression.\n                    <jats:italic>grumpy<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression reduces parasitemia in infected mice. Our analyses suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    lncRNAs modulate parasite-host interactions and provide a mechanism by which\n                    <jats:italic>grumpy<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulates cell differentiation in trypanosomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn2706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T13:53:55Z","timestamp":1655301235000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A long noncoding RNA promotes parasite differentiation in African trypanosomes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-2920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabien","family":"Guegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular\u2013Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-9802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K. Shanmugha","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-3912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular\u2013Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pinto-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular\u2013Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-5403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariana","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular\u2013Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de 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