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Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples\u2019 lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples\u2019 lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples\u2019 lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world\u2019s primates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn2927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T17:57:31Z","timestamp":1660154251000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world\u2019s primates from extinction"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-9109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0053-8356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Garber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-7440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sidney","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o - 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