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Recently, we reported\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UrIg<\/jats:italic>\n            , a nonrearranging, elasmobranch major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked AgR gene. Here, we describe a nonrearranging\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UrIg<\/jats:italic>\n            paralogue,\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UrIg2<\/jats:italic>\n            , linked to this IgM\/IgNAR\/IgW\/TCR\u03b1\u03b4 gene cluster in an AgR complex (AgRC). UrIg2 amino-terminal domains make homodimers where the C2-C3 structure resembles IgGFc. A relative of the UrIg2 V domain exon was invaded by the RAG transposon, revealing the genesis of the adaptive immune system. Our data indicate that an ancestral chromosome encoded an AgR precursor, undergoing RAG-mediated rearrangement after genome-wide duplication on one chromosome and retaining nonrearranging relics in the MHC and AgRC.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw1273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T13:58:27Z","timestamp":1751637507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Origin of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors: A candidate gene for invasion by the RAG transposon"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-5084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin F.","family":"Flajnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, 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