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HST images in 2023 and 2024 showed vertices with weaker albedo contrasts and linear sides of the decagon, implying an evolving phenomenon. The decagon moves eastward with a velocity of 2.5 meters per second, much slower than the zonal jet at 60.5\u00b0S with 116 meters per second, and the longitudes of its vertices oscillate with a period of 32 days and amplitudes of 4.6\u00b0 to 8.4\u00b0. From its properties, the decagon could be a large-scale meandering wave trapped vertically and confined meridionally by the dominant jet curvature. Shallow water model simulations suggest that the decagon may have originated from a spatially periodic disturbance in the jet peak or may have been driven by a dark anticyclonic vortex immediately to the north.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aee4251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1788371966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A decagon wave around Saturn\u2019s south pole"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-7634","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Lavega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda de Bilbao, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-6186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy A.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center\/690, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-5086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5834-9588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leigh N.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics &amp; 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