{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:22:47Z","timestamp":1776399767150,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5560","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been suggested that placebo analgesia involves both higher order cognitive networks and endogenous opioid systems. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the brainstem are implicated in opioid analgesia, suggesting a similar role for these structures in placebo analgesia. Using positron emission tomography, we confirmed that both opioid and placebo analgesia are associated with increased activity in the rACC. We also observed a covariation between the activity in the rACC and the brainstem during both opioid and placebo analgesia, but not during the pain-only condition. These findings indicate a related neural mechanism in placebo and opioid analgesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:54:32Z","timestamp":1027763672000},"page":"1737-1740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1175,"title":["Placebo and Opioid Analgesia-- Imaging a Shared Neuronal Network"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"295","author":[{"given":"Predrag","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden."}]},{"given":"Eija","family":"Kalso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland."}]},{"given":"Karl Magnus","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden."}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ingvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"P. Wall in Textbook of Pain P. Wall R. Melzack Eds. (Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh 1999) pp. 1419\u20131430."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92762-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"D. Price in Psychological Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia (International Association for the Study of Pain Seattle WA 1999) pp. 155\u2013181."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"___ in Psychological Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia (International Association for the Study of Pain Seattle WA 1999) pp. 137\u2013153."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"H. Fields A. Basbaum in Textbook of Pain P. Wall R. Melzack Eds. 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(Birkh\u00e4user Boston MA 1993) pp. 313\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-6704-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.1.0064"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.6.3326"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00114-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00295-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00211-V"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199703000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"F. Willoch thesis University of Oslo (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200005000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563175"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90093-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Supplementary Web material is available on Science Online at www.sciencemag.org\/cgi\/content\/full\/1067176\/DC1."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"Nine subjects participated in the study which was approved by the local ethics and radiation safety committees [supplement B (27)]. Tonic pain was induced by heat stimulation (48\u00b0C 70-s duration) on the dorsum of the left hand. The control stimulation consisted of a tonic stimulation of 38\u00b0C. The stimulation onset time was 10 s before the scan. The subjects were informed that two potent analgesics would be used in the experiment and that one of these drugs was an opioid. The drugs\u2014either remifentanil (0.5 \u03bcg\/kg) [(41 42); supplement A (27)] or saline (placebo)\u2014were injected intravenously (i.v.) 40 s before each stimulation. In one-third of the scans (both pain and warm stimulation) no drug was injected and the subjects were told that these stimuli would be given without prior analgesics. Each subject underwent 12 scans in two blocks with the order of the conditions randomized within the block. Each subject tested the painful stimulation in a training session during the week preceding the PET study. The subjects rated the pain intensity after each scan using a visual analog scale (VAS) [supplement B (27)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"Standard rCBF PET procedures were used (www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk\/spm) (31 43 44). Limiting the search area to a predefined network allowed us to consider  any activation with P < 0.001 as significant [supplement C (27)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"A regression analysis was performed between rACC and the brainstem. Limiting the search area allowed for a threshold of P < 0.005 [(45 46); supplement D (27)]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0483"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00484.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03639.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(81)90070-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"157","volume":"50","author":"Royce G. J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Royce G. J., Exp. Brain Res. 50, 157 (1983).","journal-title":"Exp. 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The authors are grateful to all participants from the PET facility."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1067176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T21:15:58Z","timestamp":1704834958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1067176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5560","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1067176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1067176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}