{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:25:35Z","timestamp":1778127935233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5850","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Agricultural soil erosion is thought to perturb the global carbon cycle, but estimates of its effect range from a source of 1 petagram per year\n            <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n            to a sink of the same magnitude. By using caesium-137 and carbon inventory measurements from a large-scale survey, we found consistent evidence for an erosion-induced sink of atmospheric carbon equivalent to approximately 26% of the carbon transported by erosion. Based on this relationship, we estimated a global carbon sink of 0.12 (range 0.06 to 0.27) petagrams of carbon per year\n            <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n            resulting from erosion in the world's agricultural landscapes. Our analysis directly challenges the view that agricultural erosion represents an important source or sink for atmospheric CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,25]],"date-time":"2007-10-25T19:15:28Z","timestamp":1193339728000},"page":"626-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":881,"title":["The Impact of Agricultural Soil Erosion on the Global Carbon Cycle"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"318","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Van Oost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"T. A.","family":"Quine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Govers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"S.","family":"De Gryze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Six","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Heckrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kosmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"J. V.","family":"Giraldez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"J. R. Marques","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Merckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ Exeter, UK."},{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA."},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705\u20132350, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.29.1.535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1998.03615995006200050032x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00000786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98GB00741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GB900061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"917","volume":"19","year":"2005","unstructured":"K. Yoo, R. Amundson, A. M. Heimsath, W. E. Dietrich, Glob. Biogeochem. Cyc.19, 917 (2005).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cyc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01457.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GB002471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GB002010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. A. Rosenbloom J. W. Harden J. C. Neff D. S. Schimel J. Geophys. Res.111 (G1) Art. No. G01004 JAN31 (2006).","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JG000077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"The proportion of eroded carbon being replaced at the eroding sites ranges from 0.11 to 0.55 when all errors are accounted for (Table 1). Based on radiocarbon studies of density separates ( 32 ) and bulk fractions ( 33 ) and on mass weights of SOC fractions ( 34 ) for globally diverse soils that are not generally eroded the fraction of SOC that turns over within years to decades varies from 15 to 80%. Eroding sites are less studied and carbon dynamics may be affected by the introduction of exposed subsoil which is enriched with less reactive carbon substrates but may also provide nutrients for enhanced plant growth."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5477.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"We note that burial of SOC in depositional environments has been shown to substantially reduce decomposition ( 6 9 35 ) and therefore carbon exported beyond watershed boundaries may be assumed to be protected from further decomposition. For our watersheds the sink term is larger than the carbon export rate (Table 1) which suggests that erosion and deposition induce a sink irrespective of the fate of the exported carbon."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"We compared our global results with our high-resolution simulations at various spatial scales and established that our approach provides unbiased and scale-independent estimates of SOC erosion at the continental scale. The range is derived by using the 95% lower\/upper confidence level of the replacement term (13 to 45%) using the conservative\/extreme model scenario in combination with a low\/high global SOC erosion estimate."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"46","volume":"53","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. Boardman, J. Soil Water Conserv.53, 46 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"L09403","volume":"34","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Ito, Geophys. Res. Lett.34, L09403 (2007).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Supporting online text."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"There is also indirect evidence that previous estimates of agricultural erosion are much too high. Estimates using data on river sediment load ( 36 ) estimated that human activities have led to an increase of \u223c2 Pg in the global river sediment flux to the ocean (if effects of large dams are omitted). Typical sediment delivery ratios for large basins is on the order of 10% ( 11 ) that is an increase in global river sediment flux by 2 Pg should correspond to a global agricultural erosion rate on the order of 20 Pg which is much more consistent with our estimates."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2003.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00219-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"The range is obtained by multiplying the low\/high global SOC erosion estimates for agricultural land by the average SOC export fraction obtained from our watersheds (30%) (Table 1)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(05)88002-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/B570408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93GB00468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92GB02938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2006.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03065.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"We thank R. Buddenmeier S. Billings A. Nicholas W. Van Muysen A. Berhe and H. Van Hemelrijck for help and advice during the course of this work. Much of this work was supported by the European Commission under the Marie Curie IntraEuropean Fellowship Programme. The contents of this work reflect only the authors' views and not the views of the European Commission. K. Van Oost holds a postdoctoral position at the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). J. Six and S. De Gryze were supported by the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1145724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:19:51Z","timestamp":1704878391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1145724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5850","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1145724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1145724","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]}}}