{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:18:34Z","timestamp":1793841514689,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6149","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Burden of Poverty<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lacking money or time can lead one to make poorer decisions, possibly because poverty imposes a cognitive load that saps attention and reduces effort.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Mani\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6149\" page=\"976\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"341\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1238041\">976<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ; see the Perspective by Vohs) gathered evidence from shoppers in a New Jersey mall and from farmers in Tamil Nadu, India. They found that considering a projected financial decision, such as how to pay for a car repair, affects people's performance on unrelated spatial and reasoning tasks. Lower-income individuals performed poorly if the repairs were expensive but did fine if the cost was low, whereas higher-income individuals performed well in both conditions, as if the projected financial burden imposed no cognitive pressure. Similarly, the sugarcane farmers from Tamil Nadu performed these tasks better after harvest than before.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1238041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,29]],"date-time":"2013-08-29T14:10:40Z","timestamp":1377785440000},"page":"976-980","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2217,"title":["Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"Anandi","family":"Mani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sendhil","family":"Mullainathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eldar","family":"Shafir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520070050037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200209000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000109023.64650.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"830","article-title":"Missed appointments in general practice: Retrospective data analysis from four practices","volume":"51","author":"Neal R. D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neal R. D., Lawlor D. A., Allgar V., Colledge M., Ali S., Hassey A., Portz C., Wilson A., Missed appointments in general practice: Retrospective data analysis from four practices. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 51, 830\u2013832 (2001).11677708","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10834-006-9024-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"M. S. Barr No Slack: The Financial Lives of Low-Income Americans (Brookings Institution Press Washington DC 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"R. M. Blank M. S. Barr Insufficient Funds: Savings Assets Credit and Banking Among Low-Income Households (Russell Sage Foundation Publications New York 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"K. Edin L. Lein Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low-Wage Work (Russell Sage Foundation Publications New York 1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828041302019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.25.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Baddeley G. Hitch in The Psychology of Learning and Motivation G. Bower Ed. (Academic Press New York 1974) pp. 47\u201389.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60452-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/36846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"U. Neisser Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology (Freeman San Francisco 1976)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401003133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355397555253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"A. Deaton \u201cMeasuring poverty\u201d (Working Paper Princeton Research Program in Development Studies 2004); available at http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=564001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"C. H. Karelis The Persistence of Poverty: Why the Economics of the Well-Off Can\u2019t Help the Poor (Yale Univ. Press New Haven CT 2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"J. P. Shonkoff P. Deborah From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (National Academies Press Washington DC 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811910106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.128.3.309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"E. Hunt Human Intelligence (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"M. I. Posner G. J. DiGirolamo in The Attentive Brain R. Parasuraman Ed. (MIT Press Cambridge MA 1998) pp. 401\u2013423."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906791106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"S. Mullainathan E. Shafir Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much (Henry Holt New York 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Hermalin A. Isen \u201cThe effect of affect on economic and strategic decision making\u201d (USC CLEO Research Paper C01-5 2000); available at http:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/wpa\/wuwpmh\/9912001.html.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.200295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Oswald E. Proto D. Sgroi \u201cHappiness and productivity\u201d (Working Paper Univ. of Warwick 2012); available at www.sire.ac.uk\/funded-events\/relativity\/invited\/24MarchOsProSgroiPaper2009.pdf.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1526075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750070073010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700000941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"R. H. Thaler C. R. Sunstein Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health Wealth and Happiness (Yale Univ. Press New Haven CT 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. N. Smith D. Goldstein E. J. Johnson \u201cSmart defaults: From hidden persuaders to adaptive helpers\u201d (Working Paper INSEAD 2009); available at http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1116650.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1116650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"E. P. Bettinger B. T. Long P. Oreopoulos L. Sanbonmatsu \u201cThe role of simplification and information in college decisions: Results from the H&R block FAFSA experiment\u201d (Working Papers NBER 2012); available at www.nber.org\/papers\/w15361."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103170108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2006.121.2.635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.101.6.2350"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1238041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T10:22:54Z","timestamp":1704882174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1238041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6149","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1238041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1238041","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718089931.793486626","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]]}}}