{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:02:08Z","timestamp":1792202528142,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6236","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,15]],"date-time":"2016-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/about\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000010","name":"Ford Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"U.S. Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Attacking the problem of extreme poverty<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A persistent concern about wellintentioned efforts to improve living standards for the 1.2 billion people who survive (if it can be called that) on less than $1.25 US per day is figuring out what works. A second concern is figuring out whether what works in one setting can be made to work in another. Banerjee\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    describe encouraging results from a set of pilot projects in Ethiopia, Ghana, Honduras, India, Pakistan, and Peru encompassing 11,000 households. Each project provided short-term aid and longer-term support to help participants graduate to a sustainable level of existence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this issue\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1260799\">10.1126\/science.1260799<\/jats:related-article>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T14:12:51Z","timestamp":1431612771000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":669,"title":["A multifaceted program causes lasting progress for the very poor: Evidence from six countries"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"348","author":[{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA."},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Duflo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA."},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanael","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), New Haven, CT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Karlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA."},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), New Haven, CT, USA."},{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ghana\u2013Legon, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Parient\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Thuysbaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), New Haven, CT, USA."},{"name":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Udry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), Washington, DC, USA."},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Bank \u201cThe World Bank Annual Report 2013\u201d (Washington DC 2013); https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/16091)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"\u201cA new global partnership: Eradicate poverty and transform economies through sustainable development\u201d (United Nations High Level Panel 2013); www.un.org\/sg\/management\/pdf\/HLP_P2015_Report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"S. D. Ashley S. J. Holden P. B. S. Bazeley Livestock in Development (Organisation) Livestock in Poverty-Focused Development (Livestock in Development Crewkerne UK 1999); www.theidlgroup.com\/documents\/IDLRedbook_000.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"(29 September 1","article-title":"Poverty in India and the IRDP Delusion","volume":"25","author":"Dreze J.","unstructured":"Dreze J., Poverty in India and the IRDP Delusion. Econ. Polit. Wkly. 25 (29 September 1990); www.epw.in\/review-agriculture\/poverty-india-and-irdp-delusion.html.","journal-title":"Econ. Polit. Wkly."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"R. V. Pulley Making the poor creditworthy: A case study of the Integrated Rural Development Program. World Bank Discuss. Pap. 58 (1989); www-wds.worldbank.org\/external\/default\/WDSContentServer\/IW3P\/IB\/2000\/06\/28\/000178830_98101903572627\/Rendered\/PDF\/multi_page.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Bandiera R. Burgess S. 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