{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:39:43Z","timestamp":1790249983980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5243","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The carrier collection efficiency (\u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and energy conversion efficiency (\u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of polymer photovoltaic cells were improved by blending of the semiconducting polymer with C\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    or its functionalized derivatives. Composite films of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2\u2032-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and fullerenes exhibit \u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    of about 29 percent of electrons per photon and \u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    of about 2.9 percent, efficiencies that are better by more than two orders of magnitude than those that have been achieved with devices made with pure MEH-PPV. The efficient charge separation results from photoinduced electron transfer from the MEH-PPV (as donor) to C\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    (as acceptor); the high collection efficiency results from a bicontinuous network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5243.1789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]],"date-time":"2006-10-27T14:19:42Z","timestamp":1161958782000},"page":"1789-1791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9735,"title":["Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5090, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5090, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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