{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:21:17Z","timestamp":1778196077618,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6300","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]],"date-time":"2017-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/about\/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001257","name":"National Geographic Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002808","name":"Carlsberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Danish Centre for Marine Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008075","name":"Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danish Council for Independent Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Deep living for centuries<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We tend to think of vertebrates as living about as long as we do, give or take 50 to 100 years. Marine species are likely to be very long-lived, but determining their age is particularly difficult. Nielsen\n            <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n            used the pulse of carbon-14 produced by nuclear tests in the 1950s\u2014specifically, its incorporation into the eye during development\u2014to determine the age of Greenland sharks. This species is large yet slow-growing. The oldest of the animals that they sampled had lived for nearly 400 years, and they conclude that the species reaches maturity at about 150 years of age.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n            , this issue p.\n            <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6300\" page=\"702\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"353\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.aaf1703\">702<\/jats:related-article>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1470939804000},"page":"702-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":311,"title":["Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark (\n            <i>Somniosus microcephalus<\/i>\n            )"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"353","author":[{"given":"Julius","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsing\u00f8r, Denmark."},{"name":"Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Post Office Box 570, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland."},{"name":"Den Bl\u00e5 Planet, National Aquarium Denmark, Jacob Fortlingsvej 1, 2770 Kastrup, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway."}]},{"given":"Rasmus B.","family":"Hedeholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Post Office Box 570, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland."}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Heinemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus AMS Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark."}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Bushnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indiana University South Bend, 1700 Mishawaka Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA."}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen S.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway."}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus AMS Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark."}]},{"given":"Christopher Bronk","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK."}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, 74 Magruder Road, Highlands, NJ 07732, USA."},{"name":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Post Office Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA."}]},{"given":"Malene","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Post Office Box 570, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland."}]},{"given":"Kirstine F.","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsing\u00f8r, Denmark."}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsing\u00f8r, Denmark."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"H. B. Bigelow W. C. Schroeder \u201c Sharks \u201d in Fishes of the Western North Atlantic A. E. Parr Ed. 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