{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:07:14Z","timestamp":1776953234821,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6622","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T19:21:06Z","timestamp":1669317666000},"page":"909-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"378","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4284-6317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan."},{"name":"Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-2191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China."},{"name":"Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1731-1695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary E. T.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-7650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sagayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-6543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Herman","family":"Pontzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA."},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-1428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daiki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan."},{"name":"Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan."},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-6872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan."},{"name":"Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan."}]},{"given":"Misaka","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan."}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0236-1558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lene F.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-355X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liam J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK."},{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-7202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lenore","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-2621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Issad","family":"Baddou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Universit\u00e9 Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA\/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-0691","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kweku","family":"Bedu-Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2496-3464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellen E.","family":"Blaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands."}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA."},{"name":"Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, UMR7178, France."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6731-005X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto G.","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phillips Research, Eindoven, Netherlands."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-5094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlijn V. 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