{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:20:28Z","timestamp":1775118028952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6676","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            ), stabilized by ammonia (NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            ). However, in marine and polar regions, NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            is generally low, and H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIO\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            , i.e., iodic acid (HIO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            ) and iodous acid (HIO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            )]. In experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated the interplay of H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            and HIO\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            during atmospheric particle nucleation. We found that HIO\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            greatly enhances H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            (-NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            ) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            strongly binds with H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            in charged clusters so they drive particle nucleation synergistically. Second, HIO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            substitutes for NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            , forming strongly bound H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            -HIO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            acid-base pairs in molecular clusters. Global observations imply that HIO\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            is enhancing H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            (-NH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            ) nucleation rates 10- to 10,000-fold in marine and polar regions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh2526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T18:59:44Z","timestamp":1702580384000},"page":"1308-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"382","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7416-306X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xu-Cheng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-7460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-609X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9119-9785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong-Bin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-9453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Birte","family":"R\u00f6rup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-3714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henning","family":"Finkenzeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA."},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1014-1360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominik","family":"Stolzenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria."}]},{"given":"Rongjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-247X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Baccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."},{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impact, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7924-5841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yee Jun","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, China."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5782-2513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-8424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stavros","family":"Amanatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"given":"Ana A.","family":"Piedehierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0638-2321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTRA and Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-2107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rima","family":"Baalbaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-018X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zo\u00e9","family":"Brasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-6675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Caudillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-5669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Biwu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100084 Beijing, China."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1105-9043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lubna","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-0264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Duplissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-7238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Imad","family":"El Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5690-770X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard C.","family":"Flagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Granzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-2394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Armin","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-8127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Heinritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9036-4446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victoria","family":"Hofbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-1396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tuija","family":"Jokinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-0501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deniz","family":"Kemppainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-2857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weimeng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-0659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordan","family":"Krechmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-4450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"K\u00fcrten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"given":"Houssni","family":"Lamkaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-8433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China."}]},{"given":"Naser G. A.","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-1055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Makhmutov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia."},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University),141701 Moscow, Russian Federation."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0419-4020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hanna E.","family":"Manninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1454-0908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-4350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruby","family":"Marten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-0328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dario","family":"Massab\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8569-8561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roy L.","family":"Mauldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3852-0397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Mentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9946-9762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antti","family":"Onnela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-9044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tuukka","family":"Pet\u00e4j\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"given":"Joschka","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-0020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxim","family":"Philippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia."}]},{"given":"Ananth","family":"Ranjithkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Environment Research Council, British Antarctic Survey, CB3 0ET Cambridge, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-8098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matti P.","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-4897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siegfried","family":"Schobesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-620X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiebke","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-8872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA."}]},{"given":"Mihnea","family":"Surdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3238-4171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roseline C.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-7120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL)\u2013Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3159-9434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7549-1578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2498-9143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100084 Beijing, China."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7408-9069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan K.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."},{"name":"CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-1212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Welti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-665X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcel","family":"Zauner-Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-8713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Urs","family":"Baltensperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-4630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joachim","family":"Curtius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Kurt\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-8017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Worsnop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rainer","family":"Volkamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA."},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1660-2706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katrianne","family":"Lehtipalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-9069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jasper","family":"Kirkby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany."},{"name":"CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3054-2364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil M.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."},{"name":"Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-7003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikko","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-7825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markku","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China."},{"name":"Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Masson-Delmotte V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. P\u00e9an, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelek\u00e7i, R. Yu, B. Zhou, Eds., Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aadf3c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12663"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-14275-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat9744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00751-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(88)90034-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(80)90589-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-11-00121.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211878109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00164-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-4979-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe0298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1839013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18551-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-022-01067-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JD035126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-1937-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-2345-2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18252-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-7359-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-3427-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20773-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-165-2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922502117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-10063-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-2121-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916828117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03756-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809867115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"X.-C. He M. Simon S. Iyer H.-B. Xie B. R\u00f6rup J. Shen H. Finkenzeller D. Stolzenburg R. Zhang A. Baccarini Y. J. Tham M. Wang S. Amanatidis A. A. Piedehierro A. Amorim R. Baalbaki Z. Brasseur L. Caudillo B. Chu L. Dada J. Duplissy I. El Haddad R. C. Flagan M. Granzin A. Hansel M. Heinritzi V. Hofbauer T. Jokinen D. Kemppainen W. Kong J. Krechmer A. K\u00fcrten H. Lamkaddam B. Lopez F. Ma N. G. A. Mahfouz V. Makhmutov H. E. Manninen G. Marie R. Marten D. Massab\u00f2 R. L. Mauldin B. Mentler A. Onnela T. Pet\u00e4j\u00e4 J. Pfeifer M. Philippov A. Ranjithkumar M. P. Rissanen S. Schobesberger W. Scholz B. Schulze M. Surdu R. C. Thakur A. Tom\u00e9 A. C. Wagner D. Wang S. K. Weber A. Welti P. M. Winkler M. Zauner-Wieczorek U. Baltensperger J. Curtius T. Kurt\u00e9n D. R. Worsnop R. Volkamer K. Lehtipalo J. Kirkby N. M. Donahue M. Sipil\u00e4 M. Kulmala Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere: data resources version 1 Zenodo (2023); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.8344386."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-5075-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-3-1039-2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-6635-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-3577-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-1061-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.547889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-1639-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-4187-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-2501-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b05110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04605-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-4117-2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404853111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp212123n"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820802590510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0274-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Methods for determining particle size distribution and growth rates between 1 and 3 nm using the Particle Size Magnifier","volume":"19","author":"Lehtipalo K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Lehtipalo, J. Lepp\u00e4, J. Kontkanen, J. Kangasluoma, A. Franchin, D. Wimnner, S. Schobesberger, H. Junninen, T. Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, M. Sipil\u00e4, J. Mikkil\u00e4, J. Vanhanen, D. R. Worsnop, M. Kulmala, Methods for determining particle size distribution and growth rates between 1 and 3 nm using the Particle Size Magnifier. Boreal Environ. Res.19 (suppl. B), 215\u2013236 (2014).","journal-title":"Boreal Environ. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(01)00194-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2007.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-6365-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-2237-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-2639-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","unstructured":"I. Funes-Ardoiz R. S. Paton Goodvibes: Goodvibes V1.0.1 Zenodo (2016); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.60811."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","unstructured":"M. J. Frisch G. W. Trucks H. B. Schlegel G. E. Scuseria M. A. Robb J. R. Cheeseman G. Scalmani V. Barone G. A. Petersson H. Nakatsuji X. Li M. Caricato A. V. Marenich J. Bloino B. G. Janesko R. Gomperts B. Mennucci H. P. Hratchian J. V. Ortiz A. F. Izmaylov J. L. Sonnenberg D. Williams-Young F. Ding F. Lipparini F. Egidi J. Goings B. Peng A. Petrone T. Henderson D. Ranasinghe V. G. Zakrzewski J. Gao N. Rega G. Zheng W. Liang M. Hada M. Ehara K. Toyota R. Fukuda J. Hasegawa M. Ishida T. Nakajima Y. Honda O. Kitao H. Nakai T. Vreven K. Throssell J. A. Montgomery Jr. J. E. Peralta F. Ogliaro M. J. Bearpark J. J. Heyd E. N. Brothers K. N. Kudin V. N. Staroverov T. A. Keith R. Kobayashi J. Normand K. Raghavachari A. P. Rendell J. C. Burant S. S. Iyengar J. Tomasi M. Cossi J. M. Millam M. Klene C. Adamo R. Cammi J. W. Ochterski R. L. Martin K. Morokuma O. Farkas J. B. Foresman D. J. Fox Gaussian 16 Revision C.01 (Gaussian Inc. 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13355-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0004608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-987X(199610)17:13<1571::AID-JCC9>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1622924"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adh2526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T23:55:03Z","timestamp":1705362903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adh2526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6676","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adh2526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh2526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}