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This Review synthesizes the state of the science of SOA formation in urban China, specifically (i) how the dominance of anthropogenic precursors affects SOA formation, (ii) what are the prevailing SOA formation mechanisms, and (iii) how important are the multipollutant and multiphase processes in SOA formation and evolution. We also highlight essential directions for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adq2840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T18:00:57Z","timestamp":1756404057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Secondary organic aerosol in urban China: A distinct chemical regime for air pollution studies"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"389","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-9616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ru-Jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China."},{"name":"Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 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