{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T21:02:17Z","timestamp":1764277337857,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6776","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The domestic cat (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Felis catus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) descends from the African wildcat\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Felis lybica lybica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Its global distribution alongside humans testifies to its successful adaptation to anthropogenic environments. Uncertainty remains regarding whether domestic cats originated in the Levant, Egypt, or elsewhere in the natural range of African wildcats. The timing and circumstances of their dispersal into Europe are also unknown. In this study, the analysis of 87 ancient and modern cat genomes suggests that domestic cats did not spread to Europe with Neolithic farmers. Conversely, they were introduced to Europe around 2000 years ago, probably from North Africa. In addition, a separate earlier introduction (first millennium before the common era) of wildcats from Northwest Africa may have been responsible for the present-day wild population in Sardinia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt2642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T19:01:31Z","timestamp":1764270091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The dispersal of domestic cats from North Africa to Europe around 2000 years ago"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"390","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4232-9357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"De Martino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."},{"name":"PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-8965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B.","family":"De Cupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8138-3175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V.","family":"Rovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Serventi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4403-5822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B.","family":"Mouraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."},{"name":"PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Baldoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Di Corcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-1523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Alhaique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioarchaeology Service, Museo delle Civilt\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-0939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P. C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO\/BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Vair\u00e3o, Portugal."},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"EBM, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gica de M\u00e9rtola, Pra\u00e7a Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es, M\u00e9rtola, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3350-2532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H.","family":"Buitenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands."}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ceccaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di L\u2019Aquila e Teramo, L\u2019Aquila, Italy."}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cerilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"De Grossi Mazzorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5359-2500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Detry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIARQ - Center of Archaeology of the University of Lisbon, Department of History, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5030-9941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Dowd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland."}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioarchaeology Service, Museo delle Civilt\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-5902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L.","family":"Gourichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), Nice, France."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-7326","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I.","family":"Grau-Sologestoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPNA\/IPAS, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-3804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H. C.","family":"K\u00fcchelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landesarch\u00e4ologie Bremen, Bremen, Germany."}]},{"given":"G. K.","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science (VIAS), Research Network Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7637-0339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-2019","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R.","family":"Miccich\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-7954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Minniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science of Antiquities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6735-9355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish National Research Council, Institute of History, Madrid, Spain."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6992-5699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Mr\u0111i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology Belgrade, Kneza Mihaila 35\/IV, Belgrade, Serbia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8359-243X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V.","family":"Onar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Milas Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Milas, Mu\u011fla, T\u00fcrkiye."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-085X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T.","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, HALMA UMR 8164, University of Lille, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Parrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pino Uria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioarchaeology Service, Museo delle Civilt\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2537-9972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, History, Philosophy and Law Studies, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultural Heritage, Underwater Archaeology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy."}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Salari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History, Culture and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-0756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K.","family":"Saliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8932-5594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIARQ - Center of Archaeology of the University of Lisbon, Department of History, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8974-449X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"U.","family":"Schm\u00f6lcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Arch\u00e4ologie (LEIZA), Schloss Gottorf, location Schleswig, Schleswig, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7640-084X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Sforzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum of Maremma, Grosseto, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4152-979X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"Soranna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Spassov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-6467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Tagliacozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioarchaeology Service, Museo delle Civilt\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Tin\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per l\u2019area metropolitana di Venezia e le Province di Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Padua, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-3008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Trixl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Wuerttemberg, Constance, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-2146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Archaeology Department, University of Belgrade\u2013Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade, Serbia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9492-4113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"U.","family":"Wierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la citt\u00e0 metropolitana di Firenze e la provincia di Prato, Florence, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-5288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"B.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-2734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6114-7557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK."}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Frantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-0897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Mattucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3641-9490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R.","family":"Caniglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4092-0392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0894-2628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"Bavarian Natural History Collections, State Collection of Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-3623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W.","family":"Van Neer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium."},{"name":"Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-1589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Ottoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/175303709X457577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Das Postkranialskelett der Wild- und Hauskatze (Felis silvestris und F. lybica f. catus)","volume":"10","author":"Kratochvil Z.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Z. Kratochvil, Das Postkranialskelett der Wild- und Hauskatze (Felis silvestris und F. lybica f. catus). Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno 10, 1\u201343 (1976).","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"The wild cat (Felis silvestris Schr.) and the feral domestic cat: Problems of the morphology, taxonomy, identification of the hybrids and purity of the wild population","volume":"8","author":"Spassov N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"N. Spassov, V. Simeonovski, G. Spiridonov, The wild cat (Felis silvestris Schr.) and the feral domestic cat: Problems of the morphology, taxonomy, identification of the hybrids and purity of the wild population. Hist. Nat. Bulg. 8, 101\u2013120 (1997).","journal-title":"Hist. Nat. Bulg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Animals: Cultural Identifiers in Ancient Societies? Documenta Archaeobiologiae","author":"Vigne J.-D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"J.-D. Vigne, \u201cThe beginning of cat domestication in East and West Asia\u201d in Animals: Cultural Identifiers in Ancient Societies? Documenta Archaeobiologiae, J. Peters, G. McGlynn, V. Goebel, Eds. (Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, 2019), pp. 343\u2013354."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"428","article-title":"Notes and speculations on the domestication of the cat in Egypt","volume":"70","author":"Baldwin J. A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"J. A. Baldwin, Notes and speculations on the domestication of the cat in Egypt. Anthropos 70, 428\u2013448 (1975).","journal-title":"Anthropos"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"The Cat in Ancient Egypt","author":"M\u00e1lek J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"J. M\u00e1lek, The Cat in Ancient Egypt (Univ. Pennsylvania Press, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-018-0071-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13050953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"A. Kitchener C. Breitenmoser-W\u00fcrsten E. Eizirik A. Gentry L. Werdelin A. Wilting N. Yamaguchi A. Abramov P. Christiansen C. Driscoll J. Duckworth W. Johnson S.-J. Luo E. Meijaard P. O\u2019Donoghue J. Sanderson K. Seymour M. Bruford C. Groves M. Hoffmann K. Nowell Z. L. Timmons S. Tobe \u201cA revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN\/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11\u201d (IUCN\/SSC Cat Specialist Group 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"The Archaeology of Animals","author":"Davis S. J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"S. J. Davis, The Archaeology of Animals (Routledge, ed. 1, 1987).","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.128853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/jbr.2013.3673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05664.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08930-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms16046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/61.3.763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605310001328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14614103.2024.2434425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0092.00040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"C. Detry \u201cPaleoecolog\u00eda e paleoeconom\u00eda do baixo tejo no mesol\u00edtico final: o contributo do estudo dos mam\u00edferos dos concheiros de muge \u201d thesis Universidad de Salamanca (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2013.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959774316000391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6092\/issn.1973-9494\/7114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Late Wurm Panthera pardus remains from Bulgaria: The European fossil leopards and the question of the probable species survival until the Holocene","volume":"7","author":"Spassov N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"N. Spassov, D. Raychev, Late Wurm Panthera pardus remains from Bulgaria: The European fossil leopards and the question of the probable species survival until the Holocene. Hist. Nat. Bulg. 7, 71\u201396 (1997).","journal-title":"Hist. Nat. Bulg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-024-02591-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"The Phoenicians","author":"Moscati S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"S. Moscati, The Phoenicians (Bompiani, 1988)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444393712.ch24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire","author":"Van Dommelen P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"P. Van Dommelen, \u201cPunic persistence: colonialism and cultural identities in Roman Sardinia\u201d in Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire, J. Berry, R. Laurence, Eds. (Routledge, 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"A History of the Roman Empire: From Its Foundation to the Death of Marcus Aurelius (27 B.C. \u2013 180 A.D.)","author":"Bury J. B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. B. Bury, A History of the Roman Empire: From Its Foundation to the Death of Marcus Aurelius (27 B.C. \u2013 180 A.D.) (E-Artnow, 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"R\u00f6mische Tierhaltung und Tierzucht. Eine Synthese aus arch\u00e4ozoologischer Untersuchung und schriftlich-bildlicher \u00dcberlieferung, Passauer Universit\u00e4tsschriften zurArch\u00e4ologie 5","author":"Peters J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. Peters, R\u00f6mische Tierhaltung und Tierzucht. Eine Synthese aus arch\u00e4ozoologischer Untersuchung und schriftlich-bildlicher \u00dcberlieferung, Passauer Universit\u00e4tsschriften zurArch\u00e4ologie 5 (Verlag Marie Leidorf, 1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"636","volume-title":"Forschungen im Vicus Ost von Mautern-Favianis","author":"Kunst G. K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"G. K. Kunst, \u201cTierreste aus ausgew\u00e4hlten Befunden der Grabungen 1997-1999 im Vicus Ost von Mautern a. d. Donau\u201d in Forschungen im Vicus Ost von Mautern-Favianis, S. Groh, H. Sedlmayer, Eds. (Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2006), pp. 636\u2013708."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"Die Tierknochenfunde des r\u00f6merzeitlichen Lagervicus von Traismauer\/Augustiana in Nieder\u00f6sterreich","volume":"95","author":"Riedel A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"A. Riedel, Die Tierknochenfunde des r\u00f6merzeitlichen Lagervicus von Traismauer\/Augustiana in Nieder\u00f6sterreich. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien Ser. A Mineral Petrogr. Geol. Palaontol. Anthropol. Prahist. 95, 179\u2013294 (1991).","journal-title":"Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien Ser. A Mineral Petrogr. Geol. Palaontol. Anthropol. Prahist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Vivere Militare est. From Populus to Emperors\u2013Living on the Frontier","author":"Vukovi\u0107-Bogdanovi\u0107 S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Vukovi\u0107-Bogdanovi\u0107, \u201cMeat diet at the Upper Moesian limes: Archaeozoological evidences from the city of Viminacium and its surroundings\u201d in Vivere Militare est. From Populus to Emperors\u2013Living on the Frontier, S. Golubovi\u0107, N. Mr\u0111i\u0107, Eds. (DigitalArt Beograd, 2018), pp. 269\u2013310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/13836_2018_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203851326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/antafr.5941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203754887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15184\/aqy.2021.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2121978119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310051121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4238693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-016-0871-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/RDC.2020.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/RDC.2020.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20548923.2016.1258824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9176-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot5448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esab012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"S. Andrews FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data; https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1900-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"H. Li Aligning sequence reads clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM. arXiv:1303.3997 [q-bio.GN] (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107524.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"A. Peltzer DeDup: A merged read deduplication tool capable to perform merged read deduplication on single end data. Github; https:\/\/github.com\/apeltzer\/DeDup."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0918-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esm062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi1112s47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi1110s43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-014-0356-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","unstructured":"E. M. Ortiz Vcf2phylip: Convert SNPs in VCF format to PHYLIP NEXUS Binary NEXUS or FASTA alignments for phylogenetic analysis. Github; https:\/\/github.com\/edgardomortiz\/vcf2phylip."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","unstructured":"R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2021); https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.118.301336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.154138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.85492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322723111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII","author":"De Cupere B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"B. De Cupere, R. Duru, G. Umurtak, \u201cAnimal husbandry at the Early Neolithic to Early Bronze Age site of Badema\u011fac\u0131 (Antalya province, SW Turkey): Evidence from the faunal remains\u201d in Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII, E. Vila, Ed. (MOM Editions, 2008), pp. 367\u2013405."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Life and Death in a Prehistoric Settlement","author":"Gourichon L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"L. Gourichon, D. Helmer, \u201cEtude de la faune N\u00e9olithique de Mente\u015fe (Turquie)\u201d in Life and Death in a Prehistoric Settlement, S. Alpaslan Roodenberg, J. J. Roodenberg, Eds. (Peeters Publishers, 2008), pp. 435\u2013448."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","series-title":"Studies in Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology","volume-title":"Animals at Ancient Sagalassos. Evidence of the Faunal Remains","author":"De Cupere B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"B. De Cupere, Animals at Ancient Sagalassos. Evidence of the Faunal Remains, vol. 4, Studies in Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology (Brepols Publishers, 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","unstructured":"H. Rauh \u201cKnochenfunde von S\u00e4ugetieren aus dem Demircih\u00fcy\u00fck (Nordwestanatolien) \u201d thesis Institut f\u00fcr Palaeoanatomie Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin University of M\u00fcnchen (1981)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0066154617000084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","first-page":"189","volume-title":"2019-2020 Y\u0131l\u0131 Kaz\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 I\u00e7inde","author":"Ayg\u00fcn Ekin Meri\u00e7 A. E.","unstructured":"A. E. Ayg\u00fcn Ekin Meri\u00e7, A. Kaz\u0131m \u00d6z, N. Fatih Hakan Kaya, N. Kardoruk, \u201c\u0130znik Roma Tiyatrosu 2019-2020 Y\u0131llar\u0131 Kaz\u0131 ve Restorasyon \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d in 2019-2020 Y\u0131l\u0131 Kaz\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 I\u00e7inde, A. \u00d6zme, Ed. (K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve M\u00fczeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2022), pp. 189\u2013216."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-1111-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1484\/M.HDL-EB.5.109541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","unstructured":"E. Cerilli E. Ceccaroni \u201cResti faunistici dalla cisterna rinvenuta presso il Santuario di Ercole ad Alba Fucens (Massa d\u2019Albe Aquila)\u201d in Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica vol. 12 (Universita degli Studi di Ferrara 2016) pp. 181\u2013188."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","first-page":"263","article-title":"Taphonomic study of the faunal remains from the\u201d M\u201d and\u201d P\u201d layers of the Arene Candide (Savona, Italy)","author":"Alhaique F.","year":"1994","unstructured":"F. Alhaique, Taphonomic study of the faunal remains from the\u201d M\u201d and\u201d P\u201d layers of the Arene Candide (Savona, Italy). Quaternaria Nova IV, 263\u2013295 (1994).","journal-title":"Quaternaria Nova"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","unstructured":"P. F. Cassoli A. Tagliacozzo \u201cI macromammiferi dei livelli tardopleistocenici delle Arene Candide (Savona Italia): considerazioni paleontologiche e archeozoologiche\u201d in Quaternaria Nova vol. IV (Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana 1994) pp. 101\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Au Coeur Des Sites M\u00e9solithiques: Entre Processus Taphonomiques et Donn\u00e9es Arch\u00e9ologiques. Actes de La Table-Ronde Internationale de Besan\u00e7on (Doubs, France) 29-30 Octobre 2013. Annales Litt\u00e9raires, 983, S\u00e9rie \u201cEnvironnement, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et Arch\u00e9ologie\u201d 24","author":"Wierer U.","year":"2018","unstructured":"U. Wierer, L. Betti, P. Boscato, M. Bazzanella, F. Boschin, J. Crezzini, M. Gala, A. Girod, A. Tagliacozzo, \u201cLiving near the water. Environment, wetland economy and fishing techniques of the Mesolithic site Galgenb\u00fchel\/Dos de la Forca in the Adige Valley (South Tyrol, Italy)\u201d in Au Coeur Des Sites M\u00e9solithiques: Entre Processus Taphonomiques et Donn\u00e9es Arch\u00e9ologiques. Actes de La Table-Ronde Internationale de Besan\u00e7on (Doubs, France) 29-30 Octobre 2013. Annales Litt\u00e9raires, 983, S\u00e9rie \u201cEnvironnement, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et Arch\u00e9ologie\u201d 24, C. Cupillard, S. Griselin, F. S\u00e9ara, Eds. (Presses universitaires de Franche-Comt\u00e9, 2018), pp. 241\u2013257."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Preistoria Del Cibo. L\u2019alimentazione Nella Preistoria e Nella Protostoria. Studi Di Preistoria e Protostoria 6","author":"Wierer U.","year":"2021","unstructured":"U. Wierer, L. Betti, P. Boscato, F. Boschin, J. Crezzini, A. Girod, A. Tagliacozzo, \u201cPesca, caccia e raccolta nel sito sauveterriano di Galgenb\u00fchel\/Dos de la Forca (Salorno, Bolzano)\u201d in Preistoria Del Cibo. L\u2019alimentazione Nella Preistoria e Nella Protostoria. Studi Di Preistoria e Protostoria 6, I. Damiani, A. Cazzella, V. Copat, Eds. (IIPP, 2021), pp. 159\u2013168."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Atti Del 10\u00b0 Convegno Nazionale Di Archeologia, Siena, 3-6\/11\/2021, Archaeofauna 34","author":"Crezzini J.","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Crezzini, F. Boschin, P. Boscato, U. Wierer, \u201cThe exploitation of small game: new taphonomic data from the Mesolithic rock shelter of Galgenb\u00fchel\/Dos de la Forca (South Tyrol \u2013 Italy)\u201d in Atti Del 10\u00b0 Convegno Nazionale Di Archeologia, Siena, 3-6\/11\/2021, Archaeofauna 34 (2025), pp. 337\u2013345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Memorie Dal Sottosuolo - Scoperte Archeologiche Nella Sardegna Centro-Settentrionale","author":"Guido F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"F. Guido, \u201cIl pozzo di Santu Antine di Genoni\u201d in Memorie Dal Sottosuolo - Scoperte Archeologiche Nella Sardegna Centro-Settentrionale, L. Usai, Ed. (Quartucciu, 2013), pp. 203\u2013214."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14614103.2020.1867038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","unstructured":"L. Salari M. C. De Angelis A. Tagliacozzo La fauna neolitica della Grotta dei Cocci (Narni Umbria). Rivista di studi liguri 77\u201379 (2011-2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","volume-title":"Civita Musarna tra passato, presente e futuro","author":"Jolivet V.","year":"2013","unstructured":"V. Jolivet, Civita Musarna tra passato, presente e futuro (Fasti Online, 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","first-page":"477","volume-title":"M\u00e9langes de l\u2019\u00e9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome, Antiquit\u00e9 T. 102, N\u00b01","author":"Broise H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"H. Broise, V. Jolivet, P. Petitti, F. Catalli, A. Tagliacozzo, \u201cMusarna (Viterbe)\u201d in M\u00e9langes de l\u2019\u00e9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome, Antiquit\u00e9 T. 102, N\u00b01 (1990), pp. 477\u2013480."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","volume-title":"I reperti faunistici di Torre Santa Caterina, Nard\u00f2","author":"Abatino C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"C. Abatino, T. Scarano, I reperti faunistici di Torre Santa Caterina, Nard\u00f2 (University of Salento, 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","unstructured":"B. Wilkens con contributi di G. Carenti A. Cosso E. Grassi S. Masala T. Orgolesu Archeozoologia: Il Mediterraneo La Storia La Sardegna (Editrice Democratica Sarda 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"J. Manning Press, 1997-Lo scavo urbano pluristratificato di via C. Battisti 132 a Padova","author":"Bianco M. L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"M. L. Bianco, R. Gregnanin, R. Caimi, J. Manning Press, 1997-Lo scavo urbano pluristratificato di via C. Battisti 132 a Padova. Archeologia Veneta XIX-XX, 7\u2013150 (1996).","journal-title":"Archeologia Veneta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Atti 8\u00b0 Convegno Nazionale Di Archeozoologia (Lecce, 2015)","author":"Soranna G.","year":"2019","unstructured":"G. Soranna, \u201cAnalisi di un campione faunistico proveniente dal Colle Palatino - Roma (Italia)\u201d in Atti 8\u00b0 Convegno Nazionale Di Archeozoologia (Lecce, 2015) (2019), pp. 171\u2013181."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","unstructured":"L. Conte A. K. Ingoglia A. M. Lucena Mart\u00ecn L. Riolo Il culto dell\u2019acqua e la civilt\u00e0 dei fossati nel territorio di Partanna (Trapani). Ann. Online Sez. Museol. Sci. Nat. (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","volume-title":"La Sicilia Nella Preistoria","author":"Tusa S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"S. Tusa, S. M. Puglisi, La Sicilia Nella Preistoria (Sellerio, 1983)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Calib_Sicily: A new radiocarbon dataset for prehistoric Sicily. Spatiotemporal dynamics from ca. 6.500 to 1.500 cal. BCE","volume":"2023","author":"Giannitrapani E.","year":"2023","unstructured":"E. Giannitrapani, Calib_Sicily: A new radiocarbon dataset for prehistoric Sicily. Spatiotemporal dynamics from ca. 6.500 to 1.500 cal. BCE. Archeol. Data III 2023, 153\u2013166 (2023).","journal-title":"Archeol. Data III"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","first-page":"283","volume-title":"S. Cecilia in Trastevere. Nuovi Scavi e Ricerche, Monumenti Di Antichit\u00e0 Cristiana, II Serie, XVI","author":"De Grossi Mazzorin J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"J. De Grossi Mazzorin, C. Minniti, \u201cLo studio dei resti animali: un contributo alla storia del consumo alimentare a Roma tra il XII e il XIII secolo\u201d in S. Cecilia in Trastevere. Nuovi Scavi e Ricerche, Monumenti Di Antichit\u00e0 Cristiana, II Serie, XVI (Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, 2004), pp. 283\u2013306."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Dal Pollino All\u2019Orsomarso. Ricerche Archeologiche Fra Ionio e Tirreno","author":"Natali E.","year":"2021","unstructured":"E. Natali, M. Agrostelli, F. Feriozzi, V. Forgia, R. Micheli, \u201cI livelli neolitici della Grotta San Michele di Saracena (CS)\u201d in Dal Pollino All\u2019Orsomarso. Ricerche Archeologiche Fra Ionio e Tirreno (Edizioni Quasar, 2021), pp. 33\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","unstructured":"A. Facciolo A. Tagliacozzo V. Tin\u00e9 Le fosse di combustione con resti di animali dai livelli del Neolitico medio (facies Serra d\u2019Alto) di Grotta San Michele di Saracena (CS). Rivista di studi liguri (2011) pp. 151\u2013156."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Sulle Strade d\u2019Ogliastra. Il Complesso Tardoantico e Altomedievale Di Fusti \u2019e Carca a Tertenia","author":"Wilkens B.","year":"2023","unstructured":"B. Wilkens, \u201cI resti faunistici del complesso di Fusti \u2019e Carca\u201d in Sulle Strade d\u2019Ogliastra. Il Complesso Tardoantico e Altomedievale Di Fusti \u2019e Carca a Tertenia, P. Mancini, Ed. (Taphros Editrice, 2023), pp. 133\u2013151."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Die Tierknochenfunde einer germanischen Siedlung an der Thaya bei Bernhardsthal im nord\u00f6stlichen Nieder\u00f6sterreich","volume":"97","author":"Riedel A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"A. Riedel, Die Tierknochenfunde einer germanischen Siedlung an der Thaya bei Bernhardsthal im nord\u00f6stlichen Nieder\u00f6sterreich. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien Ser. A Mineral Petrogr. Geol. Palaontol. Anthropol. Prahist. 97, 55\u2013144 (1995).","journal-title":"Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien Ser. A Mineral Petrogr. Geol. Palaontol. Anthropol. Prahist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Lebensmittel im Mittelalter und in der Fr\u00fchen Neuzeit. Erzeugung, Verarbeitung, Versorgung. Beitr\u00e4ge des 16. Kolloquiums des Arbeitskreises zur Arch\u00e4ologischen Erforschung des Mittelalterlichen Handwerks, Soester Beitr\u00e4ge zur Arch\u00e4ologie 15","author":"Bischop D.","unstructured":"D. Bischop, H. C. K\u00fcchelmann, \u201cVon der K\u00fcche in den Graben\u2013Bremens Stadtgraben und die Essgewohnheiten seiner Anwohner an der Wende zur Fr\u00fchen Neuzeit\u201d in Lebensmittel im Mittelalter und in der Fr\u00fchen Neuzeit. Erzeugung, Verarbeitung, Versorgung. Beitr\u00e4ge des 16. Kolloquiums des Arbeitskreises zur Arch\u00e4ologischen Erforschung des Mittelalterlichen Handwerks, Soester Beitr\u00e4ge zur Arch\u00e4ologie 15 (Westf\u00e4lische Verlagsbuchhandlung Mocker & Jahn, 2018), pp. 137\u2013151."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","series-title":"Babesch Annual Papers on Mediterranean Archaeology, Supplement 19","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Roman Toilets: Their Archaeology and Cultural History","author":"Radbauer S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Radbauer, G. K. Kunst, \u201cCase study: Earlier Studies Done Well and What We Can Learn \u2013 Carnuntum\u201d in Roman Toilets: Their Archaeology and Cultural History, Babesch Annual Papers on Mediterranean Archaeology, Supplement 19, G. C. M. Jansen, A. O. Koloski-Ostrow, E. M. Moormann, Eds. (Leuven, 2011), pp. 18\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","first-page":"149","volume-title":"\u00dcber Speisen, Getr\u00e4nke und Macht Zwischen Sp\u00e4tantike und Karolingerzeit: Akten Der 29. Und 30. Internationalen Symposien\u201d Grundprobleme der Fr\u00fchgeschichtlichen Entwicklung im Mittleren Donauraum\u201d in Mistelbach, 8\u201311. November 2017 und in Br\u00fcnn, 14\u201316. November 2018","author":"Kirchengast N. I.","year":"2022","unstructured":"N. I. Kirchengast, G. K. Kunst, \u201cStreet, backyard, baths-urban bonescapes from the Roman civilian city of Carnuntum (Lower Austria)\u201d in \u00dcber Speisen, Getr\u00e4nke und Macht Zwischen Sp\u00e4tantike und Karolingerzeit: Akten Der 29. Und 30. Internationalen Symposien\u201d Grundprobleme der Fr\u00fchgeschichtlichen Entwicklung im Mittleren Donauraum\u201d in Mistelbach, 8\u201311. November 2017 und in Br\u00fcnn, 14\u201316. November 2018 (Verlag Bernhard Albert Greiner, 2022), pp. 149\u2013163."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Jahresschrift des Salzburger Museum Carolino Augusteum 35\/36 (1989\/90)","author":"Pucher E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"E. Pucher, Ed., \u201cDer fr\u00fchneuzeitliche Knochenabfall eines Wirtshauses neben der Salzburger Residenz\u201d in Jahresschrift des Salzburger Museum Carolino Augusteum 35\/36 (1989\/90) (Salzburg, 1991), pp. 71\u2013135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Mit Knochen gepflastert \u2013 Tierknochenfunde vom Bremer Marktplatz (Fundstelle 201-Altstadt 2002)","volume":"73","author":"K\u00fcchelmann H. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. C. K\u00fcchelmann, Mit Knochen gepflastert \u2013 Tierknochenfunde vom Bremer Marktplatz (Fundstelle 201-Altstadt 2002). Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins f\u00fcr Schleswig-Holstein 73, 23\u201364 (2014a).","journal-title":"Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins f\u00fcr Schleswig-Holstein"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","volume-title":"Fr\u00fchneuzeitliche Tierknochen aus dem Bremer Stadtgraben, Grabung 253-Altstadt 2011, Am Wall","author":"K\u00fcchelmann H. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. C. K\u00fcchelmann, Fr\u00fchneuzeitliche Tierknochen aus dem Bremer Stadtgraben, Grabung 253-Altstadt 2011, Am Wall (Bericht f\u00fcr die Landesarch\u00e4ologie Bremen, 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","volume-title":"Untersuchungen an Skelettresten von Katzen aus Haithabu (Ausgrabung 1966-1969) Berichte \u00fcber die Ausgrabungen in Haihtabu 24","author":"Johansson F.","year":"1987","unstructured":"F. Johansson, H. H\u00fcster, Untersuchungen an Skelettresten von Katzen aus Haithabu (Ausgrabung 1966-1969) Berichte \u00fcber die Ausgrabungen in Haihtabu 24 (Neum\u00fcnster, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Castillo de Labastida. Arkeoikuska 13","author":"Quir\u00f3s Castillo J. A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. A. Quir\u00f3s Castillo, Castillo de Labastida. Arkeoikuska 13 (Eusko Jaurlaritza\/Gobierno Vasco, 2014), pp. 83\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Los restos animales del yacimiento de Terrera Ventura (Tabernas, Almer\u00eda)","volume":"4","author":"von den Driesch A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"A. von den Driesch, A. Morales, Los restos animales del yacimiento de Terrera Ventura (Tabernas, Almer\u00eda). Cuadernas de Prehistoria et Arqueolog\u00eda 4, 15\u201334 (1977).","journal-title":"Cuadernas de Prehistoria et Arqueolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","unstructured":"H. Manhart \u201cDie vorgeschichtliche Tierwelt von Koprivec und Durankulak und anderen pr\u00e4historischen Fundpl\u00e4tzen in Bulgarien aufgrund von Knochenfunden aus arch\u00e4ologischen Ausgrabungen \u201d thesis Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen. (1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Brucity\/parking 58: Un ancien quai de Senne (XVe si\u00e8cle) (RBC\/BHG)","volume":"43","author":"Timmermans J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Timmermans, Y. Devos, V. Ghesqui\u00e8re, C. B. De, K. Deforce, L. Speleers, S. Van Bellingen, Brucity\/parking 58: Un ancien quai de Senne (XVe si\u00e8cle) (RBC\/BHG). Archaeologia Mediaevalis 43, 80\u201381 (2020).","journal-title":"Archaeologia Mediaevalis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Allemaal beestjes. Studie van het dierljk bot uit een Romeinse waterput van de site Tongeren-Oost","volume":"2022","author":"De Cupere B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"B. De Cupere, N. De Winter, J. Steegmans, W. Vanaenrode, E. Wesemael, Allemaal beestjes. Studie van het dierljk bot uit een Romeinse waterput van de site Tongeren-Oost. Tongerse Annalen 2022, 68\u201377 (2022).","journal-title":"Tongerse Annalen"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","volume-title":"XVIe colloque de l\u2019association AGER: Les marqueurs des statuts sociaux dans les campagnes romaines des Gaules et de leurs p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries, Nantes, La Manufacture, 13\u201316 novembre 2024: pr\u00e9-actes","author":"Pastor L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"L. Pastor, T. Oueslati, \u201c\u00c9cly \u2013 Les Septiers (Ardennes): un \u00e9tablissement rural d\u2019\u00e9poque romaine \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9 cach\u00e9e au fond du puits\u201d in XVIe colloque de l\u2019association AGER: Les marqueurs des statuts sociaux dans les campagnes romaines des Gaules et de leurs p\u00e9riph\u00e9ries, Nantes, La Manufacture, 13\u201316 novembre 2024: pr\u00e9-actes, M. Calbris, E. Sadourny, G. Brkojewitsch, I. Bollard-Raineau, Eds. (Association AGER, 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Bann Flakes to Bushmills: Papers in Honour of Peter C. Woodman","author":"Dowd M. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"M. A. Dowd, \u201cMiddle and late Bronze Age funerary and ritual activity at Glencurran Cave, CO. Clare\u201d in Bann Flakes to Bushmills: Papers in Honour of Peter C. Woodman, N. Finlay, S. McCartan, C. Wickham Jones, Eds. (Oxbow, 2009), pp. 89\u2013100."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","unstructured":"H. Friedl \u201cTierknochenfunde aus Kassope\/Griechenland (4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.) \u201d thesis Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Institut f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4oanatomie Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin M\u00fcnchen (1984)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2005.00040.x"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adt2642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T19:01:45Z","timestamp":1764270105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adt2642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6776","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adt2642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adt2642","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-31","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadt2642"}}