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We find that vasculature-derived glutamine leakage is a major bacterial chemoattractant and enhancer of proliferation, defining a previously unknown pathway for root exudate formation. Bacteria defective in amino acid chemoperception display reduced attraction toward leakage sites, and roots with Casparian strip defects display bacterial overproliferation, dependent on bacterial capacity for amino acid metabolization. Associated chronic immune stimulation suggests that endodermal nutrient restriction is crucial for regulating microbial colonization and assembly, limiting excessive proliferation that could compromise plant health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu4235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T18:00:35Z","timestamp":1759428035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Localized glutamine leakage drives the spatial structure of root microbial colonization"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"390","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-2181","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huei-Hsuan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 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