{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:37:58Z","timestamp":1791772678793,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6803","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008647","name":"Conservation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Friedman Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Friedman Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008668","name":"NERC Environmental Bioinformatics Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/X00273\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/X00273\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016382","name":"Schmidt Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031446","name":"Quadrature Climate Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MICROP [024.004.014]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MICROP [024.004.014]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MICROP [024.004.014]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MICROP [024.004.014]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MICROP [024.004.014]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MICROP [024.004.014]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VICI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VICI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC NUCLEAR MIX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC NUCLEAR MIX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYCOREV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYCOREV"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031278","name":"DSIT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Royal Society Faraday Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Royal Society Faraday Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HFSP","award":["[RGP 0029]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[RGP 0029]"]}]},{"name":"Bezos Earth Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024049","name":"Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J-002272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-002272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024049","name":"Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J-002295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-002295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ghent University","award":["Methusalem grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Methusalem grant"]}]},{"name":"HFSP","award":["[RGP 0029]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[RGP 0029]"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031446","name":"Quadrature Climate Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP.2023.2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP.2023.2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ammodo"},{"name":"Jeremy and Hannelore Grantham Environmental Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000952","name":"Paul Allen Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000952","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bezos Earth Fund"},{"name":"Bezos Earth Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form symbioses with ~70% of plant species, building hyphal networks that exchange nutrients for host-derived carbon. These tubular networks move ~1 billion metric tons of carbon per year into Earth\u2019s soils. However, we have no quantitative understanding of the hyphal infrastructure required to carry out this resource transfer. We assembled data from 322 studies representing more than 16,000 soil cores across nine biomes and developed machine-learning models to predict hyphal densities globally. With robotic imaging of more than 300,000 hyphae, we calibrated a biomass model from our spatial predictions. We estimate that global topsoils contain 1.10 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>17<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b1 0.13 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>17<\/jats:sup>\n                    SD kilometers of living hyphae, weighing ~300 \u00b1 60 SD megatons, ~4- to 6-fold the biomass of humans. Our uncertainty analyses identified undersampled ecosystems that require additional empirical attention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu4373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:01:19Z","timestamp":1781200879000},"page":"1171-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Global density and biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal networks"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7812-5095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Justin D.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Wilmington, DE, USA."},{"name":"Waag Futurelab \u2013 Stichting Waag Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-2458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Corentin","family":"Bisot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-3728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachael I. M.","family":"Cargill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-0212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Van Nuland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Wilmington, DE, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-0669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heidi-Jayne","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"name":"Conservation South Africa, Ebden House, Belmont Park, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-8431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Loreto","family":"Oyarte Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6500-047X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Malin","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6755-2705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marije","family":"van Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6992-0480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victoria","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0751-9475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louis","family":"Par\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00e9tude de la for\u00eat (CEF) and Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes (IBIS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Banchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-2192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franck","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6974-3726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Kahane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7722-717X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renato K.","family":"Braghiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA."},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5196-2360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katie J.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-2109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadejda A.","family":"Soudzilovskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6393-0671","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinsu","family":"Elhance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Wilmington, DE, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-0493","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasilis","family":"Kokkoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlin","family":"Sheldrake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Wilmington, DE, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-8719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James T.","family":"Weedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-7380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infomatters Department, AMOLF Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-1653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. Toby","family":"Kiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"name":"Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Wilmington, DE, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Mycorrhizal Symbiosis","author":"Smith S. E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. E. Smith, D. Read, Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (Academic Press, ed. 3, 2008).","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-006-0511-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.11841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5252.1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78826-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-5301-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-006-0094-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08614-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39217-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804312-7.00002-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/b04-060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01862.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/P03-160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02294.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. van den Hoogen N. Robmann D. Routh T. Lauber N. van Tiel O. Danylo T. W. Crowther A geospatial mapping pipeline for ecologists. bioRxiv 2021.07.07.451145 [Preprint] (2021); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.07.07.451145.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.07.451145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-95162013005000003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01235.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026574828169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2512182123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711842115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-02217-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.agron.2014.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2007.1250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13019-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aacb39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-021-00207-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/532037c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-025-02955-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09991-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03609.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp3.70068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31540-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0138-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1418-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","volume-title":"Manual on Methods and Criteria for Harmonized Sampling, Assessment, Monitoring and Analysis of the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests","author":"Cools N.","year":"2010","unstructured":"N. Cools, B. De Vos, \u201cPart X: Sampling and analysis of soil. Version 2025-1\u201d in Manual on Methods and Criteria for Harmonized Sampling, Assessment, Monitoring and Analysis of the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests, UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre, Ed. (Th\u00fcnen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"J. D. Stewart C. Bisot E. T. Kiers Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mycelial density database. Dryad (2026); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.p2ngf1w1f."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-022-01670-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3543552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnaf055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-7-217-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"K. Gardens Plants of the World Online (2025); https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg8028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"EarthEnv EarthEnv project (2025); https:\/\/www.earthenv.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"4844","volume-title":"ICML\u201917: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2017","author":"Shrikumar A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. Shrikumar, P. Greenside, A. Kundaje, \u201c Learning important features through propagating activation differences\u201d in ICML\u201917: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2017, vol. 70 (ACM, 2017), pp. 4844\u20134866."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"shap\/shap: A game theoretic approach to explain the output of any machine learning model (2025); https:\/\/github.com\/shap\/shap."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"N. Jethani M. Sudarshan I. C. Covert S.-I. Lee R. Ranganath FastSHAP: Real-time Shapley value estimation (2025); https:\/\/git.io\/JCqbP."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18321-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29838-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36216-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.14106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07274-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"B. M. Benito spatialRF: Easy spatial modeling with random forest version 1.1.3 from CRAN; https:\/\/rdrr.io\/cran\/spatialRF\/ [accessed 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.4.1188-1195.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-005-0110-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-022-00878-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-022-00878-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","unstructured":"D. Zanaga R. Van De Kerchove D. Daems W. De Keersmaecker C. Brockmann G. Kirches J. Wevers O. Cartus M. Santoro S. Fritz M. Lesiv M. Herold N.-E. Tsendbazar P. Xu F. Ramoino O. Arino ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200. Zenodo (2022); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7254221.10.5281\/ZENODO.7254221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1980.10483031"}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.adu4373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T18:03:28Z","timestamp":1781201008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adu4373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6803","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.adu4373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adu4373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-05","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}