{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:05:57Z","timestamp":1792134357945,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6821","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fuel economy matters to both animals and machines, as the cost of transport can determine where, when, and how far locomotion is possible. However, established estimates of these values for animal flight come from laboratories and treat the atmosphere as constant, even though free-flying animals routinely extract energy from atmospheric flows. Using high-resolution movement data, we estimate the cost of transport for 50 bird and bat species flying in the wild. Our results revise the classic ranking of locomotion costs, suggesting that flying can be cheaper than swimming though almost as costly as running, depending on interactions between physical environment, morphology, and behavior. Linking transport costs to atmospheric conditions provides a mechanistic basis for predicting how changing windscapes will reshape the energetics, movements, and distributions of flying animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aee6550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:03:06Z","timestamp":1792087386000},"page":"347-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Airflows redefine the cost of aerial transport in the wild"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"394","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-4051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina","family":"Scacco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany."},{"name":"Dynamic Macroecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1741-9839","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeroen B.","family":"Smaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9858-1872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuval","family":"Werber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-9645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Aghababyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BirdLinks Armenia NGO, Yerevan, Armenia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eneko","family":"Arrondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ortwin","family":"Aschenborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9138-9626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nyambayar","family":"Batbayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-G\u00fcnther","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-6667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paolo","family":"Becciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1093-4985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitrijs","family":"Boiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian National Museum of Natural History, R\u012bga, Latvia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1077-1215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andre J.","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawk Conservancy Trust, Hoedspruit, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-3322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julio","family":"Blas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change. 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