{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T17:09:26Z","timestamp":1794589766828,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6825","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    After the African origin of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , multiple dispersals radiated into Asia, yet the Saharo-Arabian archaeological record remains sparse. In this study, we report on \u2018Uruq Aljelibah, a Middle Paleolithic site dated to ~125,000 years ago (marine isotope stage 5e) and located on the shore of Mundafan paleolake, Saudi Arabia. Levallois assemblages, refits, and megafaunal associations indicate in situ tool production and carcass processing. Stone tool residues, use-wear, and biomarkers reveal animal and plant processing, including palms, tubers, trees, and shrubs. Several points exhibit impact damage and poison residues (from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acokanthera schimperi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), indicating use as hafted weapon tips within composite hunting systems. Megafaunal remains include hippopotamus, buffalo, gazelle, ostrich, and camel, illuminating hominin use of freshwater and grassland ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aef9342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T19:00:44Z","timestamp":1794510044000},"page":"746-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Poisoned hunting weapons, megafauna, and plant use at a 125,000-year-old Arabian paleolakeshore"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"394","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-8974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia."},{"name":"School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia."},{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-4594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gilbert J.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-1401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amir","family":"Kalifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9045-466X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Losi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-1838","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carney","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia."},{"name":"School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Al-Jibreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heritage Commission, Saudi Ministry of Culture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alsharekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, College of Tourism &amp; Archaeology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-9188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK."},{"name":"SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-3782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ikram","family":"Blilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-4199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia."},{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany."},{"name":"School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-8021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul S.","family":"Breeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-6668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-7753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia."},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain."},{"name":"Palaeoscience Labs, Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence 3101 Human Origins, University of T\u00fcbingen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Gradwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9111-1720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huw S.","family":"Groucutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta."},{"name":"Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-8611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Guagnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany."},{"name":"School of Humanities, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-049X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juliana","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Hapiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi 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