{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T01:22:17Z","timestamp":1794187337630,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2125954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2125954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016662","name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The melting temperature and electrical resistivity of iron at high pressure are essential for understanding Earth\u2019s core. Here we use a new high-pressure method \u2013 microsecond pulsed Joule heating in diamond anvil cells \u2013 to identify melting and measure resistivity of solid and liquid iron. More than 300 reproducible melting measurements indicate a surprisingly shallow melting curve, reaching 6 K\/GPa and 4160 \u00b1 80 K at 200 GPa. Extrapolating in pressure and iron alloy composition, and combining with our 76\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u03a9<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    cm measurement of liquid iron\u2019s resistivity, we infer a relatively cold core-mantle boundary (3430 K) with a low adiabatic outer core heat flow (9.8 TW). This suggests thermal convection alone could have powered the geodynamo prior to inner core formation and that today\u2019s lowermost mantle is fully solid.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aeh5267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T00:58:13Z","timestamp":1794185893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Melting and resistivity of iron at Earth core conditions using pulsed Joule heating"],"prefix":"10.1126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-0497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Geballe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, 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Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-048X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nathan","family":"Sime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-6619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzy M.","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6241-3925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter E.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for 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