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The effective removal of QAs through new breeding technologies is hampered by a poor understanding of their biosynthesis. In this study, we used pathway reconstruction and mutant analysis to elucidate the full QA pathway in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. angustifolius<\/jats:italic>\n                    [narrow-leafed lupin (NLL)] comprising 15 enzymatic steps. Major latex protein\u2013like proteins play a prominent role in the pathway by accelerating spontaneous chemical equilibria, and an oxidoreductase-like protein ensures stereoselectivity. We also engineered a new low-alkaloid NLL line and identified the causal mutation in an existing low-alkaloid line of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. albus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our work reveals the genetic and biochemical basis of toxic QA production and streamlines the de novo domestication of wild lupins and other QA-containing legumes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aei5520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1791482431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The genetic basis for the production of toxic quinolizidine alkaloids in lupins"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"394","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-9893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Davide","family":"Mancinotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Plant Biochemistry and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-4710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hajar","family":"Golshadi Ghalehshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Plant Biochemistry and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9546-2147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabella","family":"Kruse-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Plant Biochemistry and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 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