{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:04:02Z","timestamp":1777014242201,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"107","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brains evolve within specific sensory and physical environments, yet neuroscience has traditionally focused on studying neural circuits in isolation. Understanding of their function requires integrative brain-body testing in realistic contexts. To investigate the neural and biomechanical mechanisms of sensorimotor transformations, we constructed realistic neuromechanical simulations (simZFish) of the zebrafish optomotor response, a visual stabilization behavior. By computationally reproducing the body mechanics, physical body-water interactions, hydrodynamics, visual environments, and experimentally derived neural network architectures, we closely replicated the behavior of real larval zebrafish. Through systematic manipulation of physiological and circuit connectivity features, impossible in biological experiments, we demonstrate how embodiment shapes neural activity, circuit architecture, and behavior. Changing lens properties and retinal connectivity revealed why the lower posterior visual field drives optimal optomotor responses in the simZFish, explaining receptive field properties observed in real zebrafish. When challenged with novel visual stimuli, the simZFish predicted previously unknown neuronal response types, which we identified via two-photon calcium imaging in the live brains of real zebrafish and incorporated to update the simZFish neural network. In virtual rivers, the simZFish performed rheotaxis autonomously by using current-induced optic flow patterns as navigational cues, compensating for the simulated water flow. Last, experiments with a physical robot (ZBot) validated the role of embodied sensorimotor circuits in maintaining position in a real river with complex fluid dynamics and visual environments. By iterating between simulations, behavioral observations, neural imaging, and robotic testing, we demonstrate the power of integrative approaches to investigating sensorimotor processing, providing insights into embodied neural circuit functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adv4408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:58:15Z","timestamp":1760551095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Artificial embodied circuits uncover neural architectures of vertebrate visuomotor behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6950-9505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiangxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biorobotics Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0970-8323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Loring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, NC 27710, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5421-9602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Zunino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biorobotics Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7341-0340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaitlyn E.","family":"Fouke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, NC 27710, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8673-3875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois A.","family":"Longchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biorobotics Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3991-1269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-9980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Auke J.","family":"Ijspeert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biorobotics Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7215-4717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eva A.","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, NC 27710, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA."},{"name":"Duke School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-033842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02497-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Pfeifer J. Bongard How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence (MIT Press 2006); https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/books\/book\/2035\/How-the-Body-Shapes-the-Way-We-ThinkA-New-View-of.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3585.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.017574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adg0279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01466-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07633-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07633-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0242-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00055.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00415.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00921.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02063-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01418981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2020.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0534-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. P. Audonnet A. Hamilton G. Aragon-Camarasa \u201cA systematic comparison of simulation software for robotic arm manipulation using ROS2\u201d in 2022 22nd International Conference on Control Automation and Systems (ICCAS) (IEEE 2022) pp. 755\u2013762.","DOI":"10.23919\/ICCAS55662.2022.10003832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.223008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/5618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.05.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709337104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00233.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05539.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(92)90222-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35059085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.005629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/jbse.4.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"J. Merel D. Aldarondo J. Marshall Y. Tassa G. Wayne B. Olveczky \u201cDeep neuroethology of a virtual rodent\u201d in ICLR 2020: The Eighth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2019) pp. 1\u201320; https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SyxrxR4KPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-013-0566-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.2972839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245784"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/acc223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-024-00854-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2047592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1858-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04449-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.000265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abf6354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2012.0671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19086-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309300110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00005.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2014675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2963246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26988-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01815-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00919-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","unstructured":"D. E. Rumelhart R. Durbin R. Golden Y. Chauvin \u201cBackpropagation: The basic theory\u201d in Backpropagation: Theory Architectures and Applications (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc 1995) pp. 1\u201334."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"J. Schulman F. Wolski P. Dhariwal A. Radford O. Klimov Proximal policy optimization algorithms. arXiv:1707.06347 [cs.LG] (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Pachitariu C. Stringer M. Dipoppa S. Schr\u00f6der L. Federico Rossi H. Dalgleish M. Carandini K. D. Harris Suite2p: Beyond 10 000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy. bioRxiv 061507 [Preprint] (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/061507.","DOI":"10.1101\/061507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45063-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-012-0524-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1759-4499-2-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07939-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/ict064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe7790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","unstructured":"M. K\u00f6rber J. Lange S. Rediske S. Steinmann R. Gl\u00fcck Comparing popular simulation environments in the scope of robotics and reinforcement learning. arXiv:2103.04616 [cs.RO] (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01185408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11050810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.07.080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4990-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3764.841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903460410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902270208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90006-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","unstructured":"Tracker Online; https:\/\/physlets.org\/tracker\/trackerJS\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000045324.43199.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0335"}],"container-title":["Science Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/scirobotics.adv4408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:58:19Z","timestamp":1760551099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scirobotics.adv4408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"107","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/scirobotics.adv4408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.adv4408","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eadv4408"}}