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Transl. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of food allergy (FA), prompting microbiome-focused interventions. We evaluated, in a phase 1 open-label trial (NCT02960074), the safety and efficacy of oral encapsulated fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in 15 adults with peanut allergies. An increase in the peanut reactivity threshold was noted in 3 of 10 participants not pretreated with antibiotics and 3 of 5 participants pretreated with antibiotics, without safety issues. In responders, FMT increased tolerogenic ROR\u03b3t\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T cells (T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells) and decreased T helper 2 cells (T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    2 cells). Mice transplanted with the microbiomes of post-FMT responders were protected from FA in association with increased ROR\u03b3t\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell percentages and increased colonization with members of the gut\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In both humans and mice, protection by FMT was associated with increased bile acid metabolites. Deletion of a bile salt hydrolase in a candidate protective\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    abrogated FA suppression in mice. These results suggest that FMT is a safe and potentially promising therapeutic modality for treating FA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aee3263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T17:58:14Z","timestamp":1785952694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fecal microbiome transplant in food allergy in humans and mice identifies a role for bile acid metabolites in oral tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7485-8742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rima","family":"Rachid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-7957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica","family":"Martinez-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2338-0176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin A.","family":"Kuziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-7017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Stephen-Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-7217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Groussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-5269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Askarbek","family":"Orakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Bush Children\u2019s Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7012-1121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Le Thanh Tu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6905-9017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Poyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhussipbek","family":"Mukhatayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8806-7968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina S. 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