{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:10:26Z","timestamp":1772691026096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:named-content>\n            has been frequently reported as the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in certain tropical and subtropical countries. Two hundred\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. flavus<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains originating from clinical and environmental sources and collected between 2008 and 2015 were phylogenetically identified at the species level by analyzing partial \u03b2-tubulin and calmodulin genes.\n            <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against antifungals using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution method. In addition, genotyping was performed using a short-tandem-repeat (STR) assay of a panel of six microsatellite markers (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. flavus<\/jats:named-content>\n            2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, and 3C), in order to determine the genetic variation and the potential relationship between clinical and environmental isolates. The geometric means of the minimum inhibitory concentrations\/minimum effective concentrations (MICs\/MECs) of the antifungals across all isolates were (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.13 mg\/liter; anidulafungin, 0.16 mg\/liter; itraconazole, 0.29 mg\/liter; caspofungin, 0.42 mg\/liter; voriconazole, 0.64 mg\/liter; isavuconazole, 1.10 mg\/liter; amphotericin B, 3.35 mg\/liter; and flucytosine, 62.97 mg\/liter. All of the clinical isolates were genetically different. However, an identical microsatellite genotype was found between a clinical isolate and two environmental strains. In conclusion, posaconazole and anidulafungin showed the greatest\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activity among systemic azoles and echinocandins, respectively. However, the majority of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. flavus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates showed reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. flavus<\/jats:named-content>\n            was not linked with the clinical or environmental source of isolation. Microsatellite genotyping may suggest an association between clinical and environmental strains, although this requires further investigation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00004-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T01:40:36Z","timestamp":1488850836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Genetic Diversity and\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Antifungal Susceptibility of 200 Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus flavus Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Taghizadeh-Armaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saham","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed Mahdavi","family":"Omran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasan","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haleh","family":"Rafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Zoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrich A.","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem J. 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