{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:22:01Z","timestamp":1792718521293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Numerous antibiotics have proven to be effective at ameliorating the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but recurrent and chronic infections continue to plague many individuals. Most UTIs are caused by strains of uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC), which can form both extra- and intracellular biofilm-like communities within the bladder. UPEC also persist inside host urothelial cells in a more quiescent state, sequestered within late endosomal compartments. Here, we tested a panel of 17 different antibiotics, representing seven distinct functional classes, for their effects on the survival of the reference UPEC isolate UTI89 within both biofilms and host bladder urothelial cells. All but one of the tested antibiotics prevented UTI89 growth in broth culture, and most were at least modestly effective against bacteria present within\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    -grown biofilms. In contrast, only a few of the antibiotics, including nitrofurantoin and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, were able to eliminate intracellular bacteria in bladder cell culture-based assays. However, in a mouse UTI model system in which these antibiotics reached concentrations in the urine specimens that far exceeded minimal inhibitory doses, UPEC reservoirs in bladder tissues were not effectively eradicated. We conclude that the persistence of UPEC within the bladder, regardless of antibiotic treatments, is likely facilitated by a combination of biofilm formation, entry of UPEC into a quiescent or semiquiescent state within host cells, and the stalwart permeability barrier function associated with the bladder urothelium.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00014-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T23:54:39Z","timestamp":1268697279000},"page":"1855-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":311,"title":["Persistence of Uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in the Face of Multiple Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Blango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0854.2003.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00098.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"318","volume":"38","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brauner, A., S. H. Jacobson, and I. Kuhn. 1992. Urinary Escherichia coli causing recurrent infections\u2014a prospective follow-up of biochemical phenotypes. Clin. Nephrol.38:318-323.","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600938103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.01986.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805010200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.11.2612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)36030-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.9.1824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01229.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00691.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548709021681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mda.2003.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.3.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969070-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"163","volume":"322","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hatt, J. 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Matsuda, T. Murota, T. Ohara, H. Kawamura, K. Amazutsumi, J. Uchida, and T. Harada. 2000. Efficacy of single-dose therapy with levofloxacin for acute cystitis: comparison to three-day therapy. Hinyokika Kiyo46:49-52. (In Japanese.)","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"910","volume":"110","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lemieux, G. 1974. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with sulfamethoxazole in urinary tract infection. Can. Med. Assoc. J.110:910-912.","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Antibiotics in laboratory medicine 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.12.2803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"Unit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merritt, J. H., D. E. Kadouri, and G. A. O'Toole. 2005. Growing and analyzing static biofilms. Curr. Protoc. 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