{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:54:56Z","timestamp":1789379696205,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    expression results in penicillin resistance, whereas expression of many\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    descendants, called extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), results simultaneously in resistance to penicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Despite the expanded resistance phenotypes conferred by many ESBLs,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    is still the most abundant\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele in many microbial populations. This study examines the fitness effects of the two amino acid substitutions, R164S and E240K, that have occurred repeatedly among ESBL\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    descendants. Using a single-nucleotide polymorphism-specific real-time quantitative PCR method, we analyzed the fitness of strains expressing\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-12<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Our results show that bacteria expressing the ancestral\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele have a fitness advantage over those expressing either\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-10<\/jats:sub>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-12<\/jats:sub>\n                    when exposed to ampicillin. This observation, combined with the fact that penicillins are the most prevalent antimicrobials prescribed worldwide, may explain why\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    has persisted as the most frequently encountered\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele in bacterial populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00018-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T20:53:45Z","timestamp":1209416025000},"page":"2340-2345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Fitness Trade-Offs in\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>TEM<\/sub>\n                    Evolution"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Mroczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced, Merced, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Merced, Merced, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1872-1880.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.116.1.123-130.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 18th informational supplement. 2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl185","volume":"58","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coenen, S., M. Ferech, K. Dvorakova, E. Hendrickx, C. Suetens, and H. Goossens. 2006. European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC): outpatient cephalosporin use in Europe. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.58:413-417.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/208239a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh440","volume":"54","year":"2004","unstructured":"Decre, D., B. Burghoffer, V. Gautier, J. C. Petit, and G. Arlet. 2004. Outbreak of multi-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca involving strains with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and strains with extended-spectrum activity of the chromosomal beta-lactamase. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.54:881-888.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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