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Accurate regional data on epidemiology and antifungal resistance of IC are crucial for effective clinical management. The China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) study is a laboratory-based multicenter study initiated in August 2009. This report presented updated data from August 2017 to December 2021, involving 76 hospitals across 28 provincial regions in China, and included a 12-year longitudinal analysis. Isolates from patients with IC were assigned to species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing. Susceptibility testing was performed for nine antifungal agents using the broth microdilution method. A total of 11,679\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were collected.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (46.0%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (17.6%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n                      (15.6%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida glabrata sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n                      (11.2%). Antifungal resistance rates showed notable variations among different\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, with the highest azole resistance observed in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates causing candidemia (42.5% to fluconazole and 38.9% to voriconazole). Cross- and multi-drug resistance to azoles and echinocandins was observed in all predominant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. The species distribution of major\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathogens causing IC remained stable in China, while antifungal resistance increased, especially among non-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Enhanced surveillance, accurate species identification, and strengthened antifungal stewardship are needed to address the growing challenge of antifungal resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00035-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:07:37Z","timestamp":1777280857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surveillance for invasive candidiasis in China (CHIF-NET 2018-2021): rising antifungal resistance observed in a nationwide longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Qiao-Lian","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c489v88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 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