{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:18:23Z","timestamp":1791249503003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The first national survey of resistance to newer \u03b2-lactams in nosocomial populations of\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            in Poland was performed. The study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from November 2003 to January 2004. Among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (59.6%), followed by\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            (14.5%) and\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (8.5%). The frequency of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) was very high, with ESBLs present in 11.1% of all isolates and 40.4% of\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, the latter value greatly exceeding that for\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (2.5%). The contribution of outbreak isolates was significant, resulting, for example, in a particularly high rate of ESBL producers among\n            <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates (70.8%). The pool of ESBL types was overwhelmingly dominated (81.7%) by CTX-M-like \u03b2-lactamases CTX-M-3 (80.6%) and CTX-M-15, with SHV types (17.5%; SHV-2, SHV-5, and SHV-12) and sporadic TEM-like enzymes (0.7%; TEM-19 and TEM-48) being the next most frequent. Acquired AmpC-type cephalosporinases were observed exclusively in\n            <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            , in 20.5% of the isolates of this species (compared with the frequency of ESBL producers of 11.5% of\n            <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates). All these cephalosporinases (CMY-12, CMY-15, and a novel variant, CMY-38) originated from\n            <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n            . Four isolates of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (two isolates),\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (one isolate), and\n            <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            (one isolate) produced class A inhibitor-resistant \u03b2-lactamases (TEM-30, TEM-32, TEM-37, and SHV-49), being the first of such producers identified in Poland. The survey documented both specific and more global characteristics of the epidemiology of the \u03b2-lactamase-mediated resistance in enterobacteria from Polish hospitals and demonstrated that the ESBL frequency has reached an alarming level.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00043-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T00:34:22Z","timestamp":1210034062000},"page":"2449-2454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Molecular Survey of \u03b2-Lactamases Conferring Resistance to Newer \u03b2-Lactams in\n            <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>\n            Isolates from Polish Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Empel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Baraniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elz\u0307bieta","family":"Literacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mro\u0301wka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Fiett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Sadowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleria","family":"Hryniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Gniadkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.151-159.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00013542-200410000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"75","volume":"120","year":"1994","unstructured":"Belaaouaj, A., C. 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