{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:29:20Z","timestamp":1787502560276,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n We investigated the activities of fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B against\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n species in planktonic form and biofilms using a highly sensitive assay measuring growth-related heat production (microcalorimetry).\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n ,\n C. krusei<\/jats:named-content>\n , and\n C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n were tested, and MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. The antifungal activities were determined by isothermal microcalorimetry at 37\u00b0C in RPMI 1640. For planktonic\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n , heat flow was measured in the presence of antifungal dilutions for 24 h.\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilm was formed on porous glass beads for 24 h and exposed to serial dilutions of antifungals for 24 h, and heat flow was measured for 48 h. The minimum heat inhibitory concentration (MHIC) was defined as the lowest antifungal concentration reducing the heat flow peak by \u226550% (\u226590% for amphotericin B) at 24 h for planktonic\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n and at 48 h for\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n biofilms (measured also at 24 h). Fluconazole (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to >512 \u03bcg\/ml) and amphotericin B (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to 1 \u03bcg\/ml) showed higher MHICs than anidulafungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.015 to 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml) and caspofungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.125 to 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml). Against\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n species in biofilms, fluconazole's activity was reduced by >1,000-fold compared to its activity against the planktonic counterparts, whereas echinocandins and amphotericin B mainly preserved their activities. Fluconazole induced growth of planktonic\n C. krusei<\/jats:named-content>\n at sub-MICs. At high concentrations of caspofungin (>4 \u03bcg\/ml), paradoxical growth of planktonic\n C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n was observed. Microcalorimetry enabled real-time evaluation of antifungal activities against planktonic and biofilm\n Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n organisms. It can be used in the future to evaluate new antifungals and antifungal combinations and to study resistant strains.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00057-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T21:39:52Z","timestamp":1393277992000},"page":"2709-2717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Activities of Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, and Amphotericin B on Planktonic and Biofilm Candida Species Determined by Microcalorimetry"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Elena Maryka","family":"Maiolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Septic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Furustrand Tafin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Septic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Borens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Septic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Trampuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1519-1527.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. 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