{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:26:30Z","timestamp":1790792790363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We recently reported a phenotypic association between reduced susceptibility to zinc and methicillin resistance in\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            CC398 isolates from Danish swine (F. M. Aarestrup, L. M. Cavaco, and H. Hasman, Vet. Microbiol.\n            <jats:bold>142:<\/jats:bold>\n            455-457, 2009). The aim of this study was to identify the genetic determinant causing zinc resistance in CC398 and examine its prevalence in isolates of animal and human origin. Based on the sequence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) element from methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MRSA) CC398 strain SO385, a putative metal resistance gene was identified in strain 171 and cloned in\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            RN4220. Furthermore, 81 MRSA and 48 methicillin-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA) strains, isolated from pigs (31 and 28) and from humans (50 and 20) in Denmark, were tested for susceptibility to zinc chloride and for the presence of a putative resistance determinant,\n            <jats:italic>czrC<\/jats:italic>\n            , by PCR. The cloning of\n            <jats:italic>czrC<\/jats:italic>\n            confirmed that the zinc chloride and cadmium acetate MICs for isogenic constructs carrying this gene were increased compared to those for\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            RN4220. No difference in susceptibility to sodium arsenate, copper sulfate, or silver nitrate was observed. Seventy-four percent (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 23) of the animal isolates and 48% (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 24) of the human MRSA isolates of CC398 were resistant to zinc chloride and positive for\n            <jats:italic>czrC<\/jats:italic>\n            . All 48 MSSA strains from both human and pig origins were found to be susceptible to zinc chloride and negative for\n            <jats:italic>czrC<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our findings showed that\n            <jats:italic>czrC<\/jats:italic>\n            is encoding zinc and cadmium resistance in CC398 MRSA isolates, and that it is widespread both in humans and animals. Thus, resistance to heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium may play a role in the coselection of methicillin resistance in\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00058-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T04:54:00Z","timestamp":1277787240000},"page":"3605-3608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Cloning and Occurrence of\n            <i>czrC<\/i>\n            , a Gene Conferring Cadmium and Zinc Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            CC398 Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"L. M.","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Division for Microbiology and Risk Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Division for Microbiology and Risk Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Fluit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"Aarestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Division for Microbiology and Risk Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02979-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00579-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00165-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/305709a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.071576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1823-1836.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-34-4-193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-13-3-383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"391","volume":"16","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosdahl, V. 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