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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different doses of rifaximin vaginal tablets (100 mg\/day for 5 days, 25 mg\/day for 5 days, and 100 mg\/day for 2 days) on the vaginal microbiota of 102 European patients with BV enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. An integrated molecular approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to investigate the effects of vaginal tablets containing the antibiotic. An increase in members of the genus\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and a decrease in the BV-related bacterial groups after the antibiotic treatment were demonstrated by qPCR. PCR-DGGE profiles confirmed the capability of rifaximin to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial communities and to reduce their complexity. This molecular analysis supported the clinical observation that rifaximin at 25 mg\/day for 5 days represents an effective treatment to be used in future pivotal studies for the treatment of BV.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00061-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]],"date-time":"2012-05-15T05:40:21Z","timestamp":1337060421000},"page":"4062-4070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Efficacy of Rifaximin Vaginal Tablets in Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: a Molecular Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Cruciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Brigidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Calanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Wassermann S.p.A., Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Lauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Wassermann S.p.A., Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Tacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfa Wassermann S.p.A., Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Donders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Hospital Heilig Hart Tienen and University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berner Heerweg 157, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Secondo","family":"Guaschino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(91)90120-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0617-0","article-title":"Quantitative variations in the vaginal bacterial population associated with asymptomatic infections: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study","volume":"28","author":"Biagi E","year":"2009","unstructured":"BiagiE. 2009. 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