{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:30:11Z","timestamp":1791585011383,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"LOreal Unesco LNVH NIAS-KNAW For Women in Science Fellowship"},{"name":"NWO VENI Fellowship","award":["863.14.015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["863.14.015"]}]},{"name":"Adaptive Life Program - GELIFES"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polymicrobial infections are small communities of multiple interacting bacterial species. Interactions among constituent species may modify the growth of community members in the presence of antibiotics, for example, via degradation of the antibiotic, the induction of specific resistance mechanisms, or increased mutation supply rates. However, for most polymicrobial infections, the nature of such interactions is opaque, while they may affect both treatment efficacy and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe that past interaction of enterococci with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      creates legacy effects that substantially enhance their antibiotic tolerance and promote resistance evolution. Specifically, we find that the temporary exposure to pyocyanin, a secondary metabolite produced by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , increases antibiotic efflux in enterococci. We show that these tolerance legacy effects enhance the tolerance to rifampicin and nalidixic acid, and thereby promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance of enterococci. This work shows that transient interactions in polymicrobial communities can alter the evolutionary fate of community members.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00078-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1782129644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pyocyanin produced by\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    creates legacy effects that promote antibiotic resistance evolution in enterococci"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0601-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. G. J.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012p63287","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC","place":["Amsterdam, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"El Bouhlali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University","place":["Wageningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"Vlasblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pp8hn57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Utrecht, Population Health","place":["Utrecht, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. E.","family":"Zandbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012p63287","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"van der Windt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012p63287","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. I.","family":"Sey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012p63287","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Technology Innovations, Wageningen Research","place":["Wageningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-3768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R.","family":"Nijland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University","place":["Wageningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5596-7735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"O. P.","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen","place":["Groningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Infection, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-630X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03angcq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Infection, University of Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-6686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. A. G. M","family":"de Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University","place":["Wageningen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.020602-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100753"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20167028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00247-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zandbergen LE van den Heuvel J Farr AD Zwaan BJ de Visser JAGM de Vos MGJ. 2024. Microbial interactions affect the tempo and mode of antibiotic resistance evolution. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2024.06.06.597700","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.06.597700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2013.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1294790"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1713372114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12081221"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00914-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2023.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0012-2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.659450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02876-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.23.619906"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/61967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61002-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0594-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0353-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1754"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432558"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.577564"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01072-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01559-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-025-00144-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01124-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000631"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0483-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zandbergen LE Bustamante M Luursema J-M Hackl T de Vos MG. 2026. When things add up: environmental structure and microbial interactions drive antibiotic-resistance plasmid evolution. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101\/2025.05.07.652652","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.07.652652"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrag014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrag039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr349"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.6.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1999.0901"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2002731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.11.4767"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219574110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","unstructured":"NCBI. 2025. Stp multidrug resistance protein [Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/887274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","unstructured":"UniProt. 2025. pyrF - orotidine 5\u2019-phosphate decarboxylase - Escherichia Coli (Strain K12). UniProt."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvg189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08589-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2020.102852"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.367892.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-06984-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083124"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03069-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00594-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1196558"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000573"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160619"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14915"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00620-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2424307122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01237-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01017-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15008-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.10.2781-2787.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-1611-3-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot4455"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.00078-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.00078-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1785848545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.00078-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.00078-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00078-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00078-26"}}