{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:39:43Z","timestamp":1773283183418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is one of the major bacterial pathogens responsible for the devastating diarrheal disease called cholera. Chemotherapy is often used against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections; however, the emergence of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            with multidrug resistance (MDR) toward the chemotherapeutic agents is a serious clinical problem. This scenario has provided us with the impetus to look into herbal remediation, especially toward blocking the action of cholera toxin (CT). Our studies were undertaken to determine the antidiarrheal potential of 6-gingerol (6G) on the basis of its effect on CT, the virulence factor secreted by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We report here that 6G binds to CT, hindering its interaction with the GM1 receptor present on the intestinal epithelial cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) was determined to be 10 \u03bcg\/ml. The detailed mechanistic study was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence spectroscopy, and isoelectric focusing. These results were validated with\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            studies performed with the CHO, HeLa, and HT-29 cell lines, whereas a rabbit ileal loop assay was done to estimate the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            action, which confirms the efficacy of 6G in remediation of the choleragenic effects of CT. Thus, 6G can be an effective adjunctive therapy with oral rehydration solution for severe CT-mediated diarrhea.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00122-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T01:07:13Z","timestamp":1372727233000},"page":"4373-4380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Role of 6-Gingerol in Reduction of Cholera Toxin Activity\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Pallashri","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bornita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keya","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60436-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1012928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-7496-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.6.2064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.6.2669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92907-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15328-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-10-879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1605-1606.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052709499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b514294f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Anti-tumor-promoting activities of selected pungent phenolic substances present in ginger","volume":"18","author":"Surh YJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"SurhYJParkKKChunKSLeeLJLeeELeeSS. 1999. 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