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In the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>assay, the capacities of PA to inhibit and kill<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>were tested on three standard strains at different pH values and on 12 clinical isolates. The effects of PA on<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>adhesion (and its<jats:italic>alpA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>alpB<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>babA<\/jats:italic>genes), motility (and its<jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>genes), ultrastructure, and flagellation were investigated. Moreover, the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>resistance to and postantibiotic effect (PAE) of PA were determined. Furthermore, the<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>effects of PA on<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>eradication and gastritis were examined. Results showed that MICs of PA against three standard strains (pH 5.3 to 9) and 12 clinical isolates were 25 to 75 and 12.5 to 50 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. The killing kinetics of PA were time and concentration dependent, and its minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 25 to 75 \u03bcg\/ml. In addition,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>adhesion, motility, ultrastructure, and flagellation were significantly suppressed. PA also remarkably inhibited the expression of adhesion genes (<jats:italic>alpA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>alpB<\/jats:italic>) and motility genes (<jats:italic>flaA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>). Furthermore, PA treatment caused a longer PAE and less bacterial resistance than clarithromycin and metronidazole. The<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>study showed that PA can effectively eradicate<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>, inhibit gastritis, and suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin 1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]). In conclusion, PA can efficiently kill<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>, interfere with its infection process, and attenuate gastritis with less bacterial resistance, making it a potential candidate for new drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00122-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:35:18Z","timestamp":1490056518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>and<i>In Vivo<\/i>Antibacterial Activities of Patchouli Alcohol, a Naturally Occurring Tricyclic Sesquiterpene, against Helicobacter pylori Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Y. 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