{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:18:35Z","timestamp":1792264715451,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A novel multidrug resistance phenotype mediated by the Cfr rRNA methyltransferase is observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene has previously been identified as a phenicol and lincosamide resistance gene on plasmids isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. of animal origin and recently shown to encode a methyltransferase that modifies 23S rRNA at A2503. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing shows that\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains expressing the\n                    <jats:italic>cfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene exhibit elevated MICs to a number of chemically unrelated drugs. The phenotype is named PhLOPS\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    for resistance to the following drug classes:\n                    <jats:italic>Ph<\/jats:italic>\n                    enicols,\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    incosamides,\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    xazolidinones,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    leuromutilins, and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    treptogramin\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibiotics. Each of these five drug classes contains important antimicrobial agents that are currently used in human and\/or veterinary medicine. We find that binding of the PhLOPS\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    drugs, which bind to overlapping sites at the peptidyl transferase center that abut nucleotide A2503, is perturbed upon Cfr-mediated methylation. Decreased drug binding to Cfr-methylated ribosomes has been confirmed by footprinting analysis. No other rRNA methyltransferase is known to confer resistance to five chemically distinct classes of antimicrobials. In addition, the findings described in this study represent the first report of a gene conferring transferable resistance to pleuromutilins and oxazolidinones.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00131-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]],"date-time":"2006-06-26T14:26:28Z","timestamp":1151331988000},"page":"2500-2505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":660,"title":["The Cfr rRNA Methyltransferase Confers Resistance to Phenicols, Lincosamides, Oxazolidinones, Pleuromutilins, and Streptogramin A Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, S\u00f8lvgade 83 H, DK-1307 Copenhagen K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Poehlsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Kehrenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Tierzucht, Bundesforschungsanstalt fu\u0308r Landwirtschaft (FAL), Ho\u0308ltystrasse 10, 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Tierzucht, Bundesforschungsanstalt fu\u0308r Landwirtschaft (FAL), Ho\u0308ltystrasse 10, 31535 Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Vester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2005. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 15th informational supplement. NCCLS document M100-S15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302109200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.6.797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-2-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1156-1163.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.615-618.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04754.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00009-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard 2nd ed. NCCLS document M31-A2. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards 9Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2004. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; informational supplement. NCCLS document M31-S1. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(67)90105-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02595.x","volume":"41","year":"2001","unstructured":"Poulsen, S. M., M. Karlsson, L. B. Johansson, and B. Vester. 2001. The pleuromutilin drugs tiamulin and valnemulin bind to the RNA at the peptidyl transferase centre on the ribosome. Mol. Microbiol.41:1091-1099.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04373.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.2823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.0135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04346.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35101544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"3329","volume":"135","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schwarz, S., M. Cardoso, and H. Blobel. 1989. Plasmid-mediated chloramphenicol resistance in Staphylococcus hyicus. J. Gen. Microbiol.135:3329-3336.","journal-title":"J. Gen. 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