{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T05:55:37Z","timestamp":1693115737362},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            is the causative agent of a pulmonary epidemic that is estimated to infect one-third of the world's population and that has an increased incidence of multidrug resistance. The evaluation of new chemical entities against\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            is hampered by the lack of biological tools to help predict efficacy, from early drug development to clinical trials. As the rat is the animal species of choice in the pharmaceutical industry, we have developed a rat model of acute and chronic phases of\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            infection for drug efficacy testing. In this model, we have evaluated the impact of tuberculosis drugs on T cell response using the enzyme-linked immunospot assay methodology. Infected rats treated with isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF) responded to therapy, the potency of which was comparable to that seen in the mouse. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected rats produced gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) in response to RD-1 antigens, such as the 6-kDa early secretory antigen target (ESAT-6) and the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10). A decrease in IFN-\u03b3 spot-forming cells (SFCs) was consistently observed in response to drug treatment. In both the acute- and chronic-phase models, the T cell response was more sensitive to ESAT-6 than to CFP-10. The SFC count in response to ESAT-6 appears to be an indicator of bacterial killing in the rat. Collectively, our data suggest that the ESAT-6 response could be used as a potential surrogate of drug efficacy in the rat and that such a readout could help shorten drug testing during preclinical development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00136-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1306899898000},"page":"3677-3683","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["T Cell Monitoring of Chemotherapy in Experimental Rat Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Damian Guang","family":"Foo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui Chien","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Present address: Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie Yee","family":"Siew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Present address: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Present address: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Bifani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Dartois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Herv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-66"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509990729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000200005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Interferon-gamma responses to ESAT-6 in tuberculosis patients early into and after anti-tuberculosis treatment","volume":"9","author":"Ferrand R. 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