{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T13:53:55Z","timestamp":1764078835550},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In view of the severe immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a rational approach to effectively combat the parasitic scourge would be to enhance the immune status of the host. Use of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) against leishmaniasis has previously been reported, especially as an immunomodulator and adjuvant with various immunogens. In the present study, experiments were carried out with BALB\/c mice and hamsters infected with<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania donovani<\/jats:named-content>. Immunostimulating class B bacterial CpG-ODN namely, ODN-2006, was administered at various doses by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The dose of CpG-ODN-2006 (1 nM\/single dose) showing the most antileishmanial activity was given as free and liposomal forms with different doses of miltefosine, namely, 5 and 10 mg\/kg of body weight, for 5 days in mice and hamsters, respectively. Among the various groups, mice coadministered liposomal CpG-ODN and miltefosine (5 mg\/kg) showed the best inhibitory effect (97% parasite inhibition) compared with free CpG-ODN plus miltefosine and miltefosine, free CpG-ODN, and liposomal CpG-ODN given separately. Similar responses were observed in the case of hamsters, where the combination of liposomal CpG-ODN with miltefosine (10 mg\/kg) gave 96% parasite inhibition. Promising antileishmanial efficacy was observed in animals treated with liposomal CpG-ODN and miltefosine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00137-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1304390523000},"page":"3461-3464","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 and Miltefosine, a Potential Combination for Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Suman","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shraddha A.","family":"Sane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishi","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.3.758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00413-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01146.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00795.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90543-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Probit analysis","author":"Finney D. 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