{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:31:29Z","timestamp":1761129089228},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Despite antibiotic therapy, acute and long-term complications are still frequent in pneumococcal meningitis. One important trigger of these complications is oxidative stress, and adjunctive antioxidant treatment with\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine was suggested to be protective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. However, studies of effects on neurological long-term sequelae are limited. Here, we investigated the impact of adjunctive\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine on long-term neurological deficits in a mouse model of meningitis. C57BL\/6 mice were intracisternally infected with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Eighteen hours after infection, mice were treated with a combination of ceftriaxone and placebo or ceftriaxone and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine, respectively. Two weeks after infection, neurologic deficits were assessed using a clinical score, an open field test (explorative activity), a t-maze test (memory function), and auditory brain stem responses (hearing loss). Furthermore, cochlear histomorphological correlates of hearing loss were assessed. Adjunctive\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine reduced hearing loss after pneumococcal meningitis, but the effect was minor. There was no significant benefit of adjunctive\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine treatment in regard to other long-term complications of pneumococcal meningitis. Cochlear morphological correlates of meningitis-associated hearing loss were not reduced by adjunctive\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine. In conclusion, adjunctive therapy with\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine at a dosage of 300 mg\/kg of body weight intraperitoneally for 4 days reduced hearing loss but not other neurologic deficits after pneumococcal meningitis in mice. These results make a clinical therapeutic benefit of\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -cysteine in the treatment of patients with pneumococcal meningitis questionable.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00148-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T02:15:44Z","timestamp":1374545744000},"page":"4825-4830","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adjunctive\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Acetyl-\n            <scp>l<\/scp>\n            -Cysteine in Treatment of Murine Pneumococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"H\u00f6gen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Demel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Klinikum Landsberg am Lech, Landsberg am Lech, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilans-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Angele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Walter","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Koedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f96297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.5.2105110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70288-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02164-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-7153-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00507-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00231-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)00715-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01980-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00177-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"3","author":"Kelly GS","year":"1998","unstructured":"KellyGS. 1998. 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