{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T21:52:26Z","timestamp":1770069146868,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            DW-224a is a new broad-spectrum quinolone with excellent antipneumococcal activity. Agar dilution MIC was used to test the activity of DW-224a compared to those of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and azithromycin against 353 quinolone-susceptible pneumococci. The MICs of 29 quinolone-resistant pneumococci with defined quinolone resistance mechanisms against seven quinolones and an efflux mechanism were also tested. DW-224a was the most potent quinolone against quinolone-susceptible pneumococci (MIC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            , 0.016 \u03bcg\/ml; MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            , 0.03 \u03bcg\/ml), followed by gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. \u03b2-Lactam MICs rose with those of penicillin G, and azithromycin resistance was seen mainly in strains with raised penicillin G MICs. Against the 29 quinolone-resistant strains, DW-224a had the lowest MICs (0.06 to 1 \u03bcg\/ml) compared to those of gemifloxacin, clinafloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. DW-224a at 2\u00d7 MIC was bactericidal after 24 h against eight of nine strains tested. Other quinolones gave similar kill kinetics relative to higher MICs. Serial passages of nine strains in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of DW-224a, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and azithromycin were performed. DW-224a yielded resistant clones similar to moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin but also yielded lower MICs. Azithromycin selected resistant clones in three of the five parents tested. Amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime did not yield resistant clones after 50 days.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00153-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T21:13:58Z","timestamp":1148505238000},"page":"2064-2071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antipneumococcal Activity of DW-224a, a New Quinolone, Compared to Those of Eight Other Agents"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Kosowska-Shick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Credito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn A.","family":"Pankuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gengrong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bu\u0308lent","family":"Bozdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonifacio","family":"Dewasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Rack","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong Wha Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Anyang City, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jei Man","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong Wha Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Anyang City, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199509000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510470035031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.2032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00120-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.125-131.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"233","volume":"22","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, D. K., A. McGeer, J. C. de Azavedo, and D. E. Low. 1999. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. N. Engl. J. Med.22:233-239.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.2.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1894-1899.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.5.645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00013542-199504000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.8.1901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.12.2760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.2.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2479-2486.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1932-1942.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"1546","volume":"20","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li\u00f1ares, J., A. G. Campa, and R. Pallares. 1999. Fluoroquinolone-resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. N. Engl. J. Med.20:1546-1548.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4103-4112.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.10.2176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2740-2746.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2003. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically 5th ed. Approved standard. NCCLS M7-A6. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.10.2321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.1.230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.6.883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3395-3401.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.12.2786"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00153-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00153-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T19:08:43Z","timestamp":1645470523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00153-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00153-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00153-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}