{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:24:07Z","timestamp":1791307447363,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n have rapidly spread worldwide and pose a serious threat for health care-associated (HA) infection. We conducted molecular detection and characterization of ESBL-related\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n genes, including\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VEB<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n PER<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n GES<\/jats:sub>\n , among 362 isolates of ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 235) and ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 127) collected from patients who met the definition of HA infection at two major university hospitals in Thailand from December 2004 to May 2005. The prevalence of ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n , patient demographics and the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were described. A total of 87.3% of isolates carried several\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n genes. The prevalence of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n was strikingly high: 99.6% for ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (CTX-M-14, -15, -27, -40, and -55) and 99.2% for ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (CTX-M-3, -14, -15, -27, and -55). IS\n Ecp1<\/jats:italic>\n was found in the upstream region of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n in most isolates. Up to 77.0% and 71.7% of ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively, carried\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n ; all of them encoded TEM-1. ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n carried\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n at 87.4% (SHV-1, -2a, -11, -12, -27, -71, and -75) but only at 3.8% for ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (SHV-11 and -12).\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n genes encoding VEB-1 and OXA-10 were found in both ESBL-producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (8.5% and 8.1%, respectively) and ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (10.2% and 11.8%, respectively). None of the isolates were positive for\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n PER<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n GES<\/jats:sub>\n . Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that there was no major clonal relationship among these ESBL producers. This is the first study to report CTX-M-3, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-40, SHV-27, SHV-71, and SHV-75 in Thailand and to show that CTX-M ESBL is highly endemic in the country.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00171-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]],"date-time":"2008-05-28T03:10:41Z","timestamp":1211944241000},"page":"2818-2824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum- \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n and\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n Isolates Causing Health Care-Associated Infection in Thailand, Where the CTX-M Family Is Endemic"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Pattarachai","family":"Kiratisin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anucha","family":"Apisarnthanarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasart University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand, 12120"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitat","family":"Laesripa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyawan","family":"Saifon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1086\/518725","volume":"28","year":"2007","unstructured":"Apisarnthanarak, A., P. Kiratisin, P. Saifon, R. Kitphati, S. Dejsirilert, and L. M. Mundy. 2007. Risk factors for and outcomes of healthcare-associated infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol.28:873-876.","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. 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CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a Thai university hospital. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health38:493-500.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 15th informational supplement 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.175-182.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"237","volume":"201","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karim, A., L. Poirel, S. Nagarajan, and P. Nordmann. 2001. Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-3 like) from India and gene association with insertion sequence ISEcp1. 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