{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:19:12Z","timestamp":1792441152307,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["K12 HD113190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD113190"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AI122298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI122298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006383","name":"Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research Scholar Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Scholar Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cephalexin, a first-generation cephalosporin, is the first-line oral therapy for children with musculoskeletal infections due to methicillin-susceptible\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MSSA). Cefadroxil, a similar first-generation cephalosporin, is an attractive alternative to cephalexin given its longer half-life. In this study, we describe the comparative pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cephalexin and cefadroxil in children with musculoskeletal infections. Children aged 6 months to 18 years with a musculoskeletal infection were enrolled in a prospective, open-label, crossover PK study and given single oral doses of cefadroxil (50\u201375 mg\/kg up to 2,000 mg) and cephalexin (50 mg\/kg up to 1,375 mg). Population PK models were developed and used for dosing simulations. Our primary PD target was the achievement of free antibiotic concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T &gt;MIC) for 40% of the day for MICs \u2264 4 mg\/L. PK of cephalexin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) and cefadroxil (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) were best described using a one-compartment, first-order absorption model, with a lag time component for cefadroxil. PK parameters were notable for cefadroxil\u2019s longer half-life (1.61 h) than cephalexin\u2019s (1.10 h). For pediatric weight bands, our primary PD target was achieved by cephalexin 25 mg\/kg\/dose, maximum 750 mg\/dose, administered three times daily and cefadroxil 40 mg\/kg\/dose, maximum 1,500 mg\/dose, administered twice daily. More aggressive dosing was required to achieve higher PD targets. Among children with musculoskeletal infections, oral cephalexin and cefadroxil achieved PD targets for efficacy against MSSA. Given less frequent dosing, twice-daily cefadroxil should be further considered as an alternative to cephalexin for oral step-down therapy for serious infections due to MSSA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00182-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T09:00:49Z","timestamp":1712739649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cefadroxil and cephalexin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children with musculoskeletal infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-0522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-6130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc H.","family":"Scheetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University, Pharmacometrics Center of Excellence, Colleges of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas N.","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piab027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2160"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.2822"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g66"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"Lexicomp Online. 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